Building a double level deck can provide additional outdoor living space and add value to your home. While more complex than a single level deck, with proper planning and the right materials, a two tier deck can be a great DIY project for a dedicated homeowner. Here is a step-by-step guide to building a sturdy and stylish double deck.
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Planning Your Double Level Deck
The first step is to come up with a design plan. Here are some things to consider:
Decking Size and Layout
Carefully measure your yard space and sketch out the approximate dimensions for both deck levels. Standard deck heights are 18-24 inches off the ground for the first tier and another 18-24 inches for the second. Make sure to check on building codes for railing and stair requirements.
Consider how the deck will be accessed from your home as well as how the two levels will connect via stairs and railings. Allow enough room for stairs wide enough for moving furniture (36 to 42 inches) and space for railings and posts. Think about which areas you want open and which you may want to enclose for privacy.
Decking Materials
Pressure treated lumber is a standard deck building material, and naturally rot-resistant woods like cedar and redwood are popular options. Composite materials offer advantages like not needing yearly sealing and minimal maintenance. Choose materials permitted by local building codes.
Building Permits
Most areas require permits for decks over a certain square footage. Building codes provide important guidelines for structural support, electrical wiring, and safety rails. Make sure to research permit requirements early and apply well in advance of the planned build.
DIY Double Deck Tools and Materials
For a 10×14 foot double level deck, you’ll need the following rough materials estimate:
| Item | Amount Needed |
|---|---|
| Deck boards for surface | 140 sq ft |
| Support posts | 10 |
| Joists/beams for framing | Depends on spacing, around 800 linear ft |
| Concrete for footings | 1/2 cubic yard |
| Lag bolts and deck screws | 5 lbs |
| Flashing | 20 linear ft |
You’ll also need basic tools like:
– Power drill and drill bits
– Circular saw with carbide blade
– Hammer
– Level
– Measuring tape
– Safety equipment (glasses, gloves, etc)
Renting additional equipment like an auger, concrete mixer and nail gun can save time and effort. Don’t forget to add costs for railings, stairs, and lighting.
Step 1: Layout and Permits
Once your plan is in place, mark the deck outline with stakes and string. Check that the layout meets zoning setbacks and easements. Call your local permit office to learn about needed permits, codes and inspections. They may require a detailed drawing.
Apply for permits early so work is not delayed. Decks near power lines also require electric company approval.
Step 2: Footings and Pier Blocks
Footings support the load of the deck and prevent settling. This step must be done correctly or the deck could shift or collapse.
There are several footing options:
Concrete Footings
For DIY builds, dug footings are typical. Based on your deck plans, mark the hole locations at least below the frost line (12-18 inches down or as required by code). Make the holes larger than the pier block’s diameter so the block rests on undisturbed soil.
Mix concrete and pour into each footing hole. Level and insert a metal or vinyl pier block, re-leveling it. Let the concrete fully cure before continuing.
Metal Tubing or Screw Piles
A faster option is metal foundation tubing or screw piles twisted into the ground with equipment. Level each pile with gravel once in place.
Pre-cast Footings
For easier installation, pre-cast concrete deck blocks can be positioned and leveled before building. Some types also allow for screw pile inserts.
Step 3. Framing the Deck Structure
Once the footings have cured, it’s time for framing. Used treated lumber rated for outdoor ground contact.
Support Beams
Measure and cut support beams to length. Deck block manufactures provide span charts for beam sizing. Elevated decks may require a doubled up beam. Use galvanized fasteners.
Attach beams to blocks or piles with anchor bolts or screws. Check level and correct as needed.
Joists
Mark joist locations on the support beams per code, usually 16″ on center. Use joist hangers to attach each end. Measure and cut each joist. For two-story decks, the upper level joists often rest on a rim joist attached to posts.
Blocking between joists adds stability. Adhere to spacing and notching codes. Install any electrical conduit before adding decking.
Decking
When the framing is complete, it’s time to install the decking material. For the lower tier, begin at the house and work outwards. Allow a 1/8″ gap between boards for drainage. Stagger seams between rows. Use proper fasteners for the decking type and drill pilot holes to prevent splitting. Work carefully to keep boards aligned.
Step 4. Stairs and Railings
Stairs provide access and safety between the two deck levels. Railings around the perimeter are also key for safety.
Deck Stairs
The angle of deck stairs should be between 30-35 degrees. The run or depth of each step must be deep enough for safety and comfort. Refer to building codes for exact stair dimensions and railing requirements.
Cut stringers from treated lumber. Connect to the deck rim joist and level. Lay stair treads, adding support framing underneath. Use code approved riser material between treads.
Railings
Railings must meet minimum height codes, usually 36-42 inches. On the stairs, balusters cannot allow passage of a 4″ sphere. There are several railing options:
– Wood railings with balusters spaced correctly
– Metal tube railings and balusters
– Composite plastic or fiberglass railings
– Glass panel railings
– Cable railings with tension cables instead of balusters
Follow manufacturer instructions to install railings safely. Get permits for any glass panels. Consider lighting fixtures to improve night time visibility.
Step 5. Finishing Touches
Finally, you can complete your double deck with fun amenities:
Landscaping
Add planter boxes, plants, trees in decorative pots, and climbing vines on the vertical supports. Integrate benches, trellises and an outdoor fireplace. Extend existing yard landscaping.
Shade Elements
Provide shade with a retractable awning or parasol overhang. A wooden pergola or gazebo also gives shelter from sun and rain.
Lighting
Outdoor ceiling fans with lights keep the space comfortable and usable at night. Low voltage lighting around railings and steps increases safety. Accent lighting highlights architectural features.
Furniture
Chairs, loungers, outdoor sofas, and storage chests let you fully enjoy your new outdoor rooms. Use weather resistant cushions and fabrics.
Cooking/Kitchen Area
Designate an upper level space for a grilling station, mini fridge, sink basin and counter area to create an outdoor kitchen. Add a table and bar style seating.
With attention to structural details, safety, and aesthetics, you can create a multi-level decking haven made for relaxing, grilling and entertaining.
Conclusion
Building a double deck is an intermediate to advanced DIY project that can add invaluable outdoor space to your home. By following building codes, using structural construction techniques, and incorporating creativity to make the space your own, you can have a safe and beautiful two-tier deck that will provide enjoyment for years to come. With proper planning up front and taking it step by step during the build process, an elevated, multi-story deck is a rewarding upgrade that’s worth the effort.