A water wall can be a beautiful and calming addition to any home or business. The soothing sound of flowing water creates a peaceful atmosphere. Water walls are also an impressive design feature that immediately catches the eye. While constructing a water wall requires some technical skills, it can be a very rewarding DIY project.
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What is a Water Wall?
A water wall is a decorative wall-mounted water feature. It typically consists of a re-circulating pump system that pumps water to the top of a wall. The water then flows down the length of the wall through a series of tubes, cascades, or sheet flows. The water is collected in a basin at the bottom and pumped back up to the top, creating a continuous flow.
Water walls can be designed in many different shapes, sizes, and styles. They are often made of natural materials like stone or concrete, but can also be constructed out of metal, glass, or acrylic. The wall can be flat or contain contours, ledges, or recesses to direct the water flow. Plants, rocks, lighting elements may also be incorporated into the design.
Benefits of a Water Wall
There are many benefits to installing a water wall in your home or business:
- Provides tranquility – The soothing sound of trickling water creates a relaxing environment.
- Purifies air – Flowing water releases negative ions which filter pollutants.
- Natural humidity – Water evaporation increases humidity levels.
- Visually appealing – Water walls are beautiful interior design elements.
- Masks unwanted noises – The cascading water drowns out loud or distracting sounds.
- Conversation starter – Unique water walls draw attention and interest.
Types of Water Walls
There are several types of water wall designs to choose from:
Sheet Flow Water Walls
Sheet flow water walls feature water flowing down a flat wall surface. The water forms a thin sheet-like film. This simple and sleek style works well in modern spaces.
Cascade Water Walls
Cascade water walls have tiered ledges for the water to flow down like a waterfall. This style can create a dramatic focal point.
Stream Water Walls
Stream water walls consist of separated water channels or rivulets running down the wall. The streams can be angled, straight, or curved.
Rain Walls
Rain water walls mimic falling rain. Multiple rows of jets or spouts create long descending water lines.
Glass Water Walls
Glass water walls have water flowing between two panes of glass. LED lighting can illuminate the water for a dazzling effect.
Natural Stone Water Walls
Natural stone water walls made of slate, travertine, or other stones have an organic, earthy appeal.
Calculating Water Wall Size
When deciding on the size of your water wall, there are a few factors to consider:
- Space – Measure the dimensions of the wall area where you plan to install the water wall. Ensure there is adequate space for the width and height you desire.
- Water supply – Determine the water volume needed to supply your water wall width and height. Larger walls require more water flow.
- Pump capacity – Select a pump that can pump enough water to the top to supply the full width of your water wall.
- Basin size – The collection basin at the bottom must be large enough to contain the water volume without overflowing.
- Material load – Natural stone and some wall materials have heavy weight. Ensure the wall structure can support the load.
As a general rule, larger walls over 10 feet wide may require extra structural support. Consulting an engineer is recommended for large water wall installations.
How to Build a Water Wall
Constructing a water wall requires plumbing, wiring, carpentry, and masonry skills. Here is an overview of the installation process:
Choose a Location
Pick an indoor or outdoor location for your water wall installation. Consider existing lighting, ventilation, access to water supply and drains. Outdoor walls require weatherproofing.
Install Backerboard
For indoor installations, install a waterproof cement backerboard like Durock on the wall surface. This prevents moisture damage to the structure.
Construct Frame
Build a wooden frame secured to the wall studs if needed to create contours or shelves. Ensure the frame is plumbed and level.
Add Waterproofing
Paint on a waterproof sealant coating. Epoxy or urethane sealants work well. Outdoor walls may require extra waterproof membrane layers.
Install Plumbing
Run PVC pipes along the top of the wall to supply water. Drill holes for pipe outlets spaced based on water flow needs. Connect pump and plumbing to water supply and power.
Attach Wall Surface
Adhere your water wall surface material like stone, acrylic, or glass panels. Natural stones like slate can be pieced together. Seal joints with outdoor-rated grout.
Let Dry
Allow all materials, grout and adhesives to fully cure and dry before turning on water flow per manufacturer instructions.
Test Water Flow
Turn on the pump and check for leaks. Adjust water flow from outlets to optimize the waterfall effect.
Finish Plumbing
Connect the basin drain line at the base so water discharges safely. Install a water bleed valve to service the system.
Pump System
The pump circulates water to the top of the wall. Consider the following pump factors:
- Pump type – Submersible or external inline pump
- Pump capacity – GPH rating based on wall size
- Pump height – Ability to pump water to wall height
- Flow control – Adjustable valve for water volume
- Energy efficiency – Higher efficiency motors use less energy
Install the pump according to manufacturer specifications. Size the tubing, plumbing, and accessories to suit the pump GPH rating.
Water Maintenance
Regular maintenance keeps your water wall looking beautiful and functioning properly:
- Check water level and refill as needed
- Clear debris from water intakes and basins
- Clean minerals and scale from wall surfaces
- Lubricate pump impeller if noise develops
- Flush plumbing lines to prevent algae or bacteria
- Replace worn pump components
Using distilled or filtered water can help reduce mineral deposits. Installing an inline water filtration system is recommended for heavily mineralized water supplies.
Cost of a Water Wall
The cost of a water wall depends on the size, design, and materials used. Some typical pricing:
| Water Wall Size | Typical Cost Range |
|---|---|
| Small – 25 sq ft | $2,000 – $4,000 |
| Medium – 50 sq ft | $4,000 – $8,000 |
| Large – 100+ sq ft | $8,000 – $15,000 |
Factors affecting the overall cost include:
- Wall size – Larger walls require more materials and labor
- Wall material – Natural stone is generally the most expensive surface
- Water feature design – Cascades, streams, and sheets create different visual effects
- Customization – Unique shapes, contours, or carvings add cost
- Landscaping additions – Plants, lighting, benches, etc. increase price
Hiring a professional for installation will be more costly but may be worth it for complex designs or limited DIY skills.
Safety Tips
Follow these precautions when installing and operating a water wall:
- Shut off water supply before plumbing work
- Disconnect power when wiring pump and lights
- Keep electrical components GFCI protected near water
- Direct water discharge safely to prevent flooding
- Insulate cold water lines to prevent condensation
- Install signage if wall could pose a falling hazard
- Keep small children away from open basins
Routine maintenance and repair should only be done by qualified professionals. Overall, water walls provide beauty and unique design when installed correctly and safely.
Conclusion
Constructing a water wall requires planning and effort but the relaxing sound of cascading water is worth it. Following the steps outlined above will allow you to create a stunning waterfall feature to enhance your surroundings. Take time to decide on the perfect size, location, and design. With quality materials and proper installation, you can enjoy your water wall for many years to come.