Building a multi-level deck can provide additional outdoor living space and add visual interest to your backyard. While more complex than a single-level deck, multi-level decks are achievable DIY projects if you have some carpentry experience and follow good design principles. In this comprehensive guide, we will walk through the entire process of designing, planning, and constructing a multi-level deck addition.
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Benefits of Multi-Level Decks
There are several advantages to choosing a multi-tier deck over a standard single-level design:
- Maximizes usable deck space – Multi-level decks essentially double or triple your functional area by building up instead of just extending out from your home.
- Creates separate zones – The different levels allow you to designate specific areas for dining, lounging, gardening, etc.
- Adds visual interest – Stepped decking is more aesthetically appealing than flat, monotonous shapes.
- Works well on slopes – Multi-level designs are great for navigating changes in terrain or elevation.
- Increases views – Building up gives you better lines of sight over fences, trees, or other obstructions.
- Increases privacy – Elevated portions of the deck feel more secluded from neighbors.
If designed properly, multi-level decks can significantly expand and enhance your outdoor living area. The key is good planning and construction techniques.
Design Considerations
When designing your multi-level deck, there are several important factors to consider:
Site Evaluation
Carefully assess your property to determine the optimal placement and layout for a multi-tier deck:
- Identify changes in elevation or slopes that could accommodate different levels.
- Considerexisting trees, gardens, play areas, views, and sunlight patterns when orienting the deck.
- Check for underground utilities, septic tanks, or easements that could impact placement.
- Take measurements to determine the maximum footprint size possible.
This evaluation will guide the overall scale and configuration.
Deck Height
Check your local building codes for the deck height restrictions based on zoning ordinances and permit requirements. Many municipalities limit decks to 2-3 feet above grade without railings. Each elevated level will need guardrails for safety. Factor in the required headroom when designing the steps between levels.
multi-Level Layout
Think about how you intend to use each space when laying out the different levels. For example, you may want a dining section connected directly to the kitchen, separate lounging and hot tub areas, and a rooftop deck with the best views. Include landings where steps turn to improve safety.
Stair Design
Properly designed stairs are crucial in connecting the multiple levels together in a natural flow. Use straight or L-shaped stairways and avoid tight winding patterns. Steps should be deep enough for comfortable use. Allow adequate headroom vertically. Include sturdy railings and balusters for safety and support.
Structural Considerations
A sound structure is vital to multi-level deck stability. Proper support comes from:
- Thick support posts anchored in concrete footings below frost level.
- Well-secured post hangers and hardware.
- Solid, thick decking material.
- Reinforced framing with closely spaced joists.
- Extra beams added under stairs or heavily used sections.
Consult a design professional if unsure about spanning lengths or load capacities.
Planning and Permitting
Thorough planning and getting the required permits is crucial before you start building.
Create Detailed Plans
Draw up detailed schematics showing the exact structure, dimensions, and materials. This includes:
- Outline of the deck footprint with overall size.
- Elevations from each side.
- Level heights and spacing.
- Placement of stairs, railings, footings.
- Beam, joist, and post layout.
- List of all building materials being used.
Having professional architectural drawings is advisable for complex or large decks.
Apply for Permits
Most areas require building permits for decks over a certain square footage. Provide your drawings and specifications when applying. factor permit wait times into your project schedule.
Call 811 Before Digging
Dial 811 at least several days before digging post holes to get underground utility lines marked for free. This prevents dangerous and costly accidents.
Check HOA Rules
If you belong to a homeowner’s association, get approval for both the deck structure and appearance details.
Shopping List of Materials
You will need a range of deck building supplies. Here are some rough estimates for materials:
* Pressure-Treated Lumber
– Foundation: At least 6 concrete footings with posts embedded
– Framing: Rely on the detailed plans for board feet needed
– Railings and stairs: 1 staircase per level, railings along all elevated open sides
* Decking Boards
– Multi-ply 2x6s or 5/4 boards for stairs
– Exotic hardwood or composite for top level walking surface
– At least 2,500 sq. ft total for a multi-level deck
* Hardware
– Galvanized post anchors, joist and beam hangers (50+ of each)
– Carriage bolts, lag bolts, screws (5 lbs. total)
– Nails (7-10 lbs.)
– Flashing and connectors
* Additional Supplies
– Concrete for footings
– Gravel or drainage fill
– Landscape edging
– Exterior lighting
Having all materials onsite before starting will keep the project moving on schedule. Overestimate lumber by 10% to allow for miscuts and defects.
Tools Needed
Assembling the right tools will also prepare you for construction:
- Power Tools: circular saw, miter saw, jigsaw, impact driver, power drill
- Hand Tools: hammers, wrenches, pliers, pry bar, shovels, rakes, tape measure, level, chisels, clamps
- Safety: work gloves, safety glasses, dust mask, ear protection
- Other: wheelbarrow, ladders, temporary stairs
You will also need tools for excavating and pouring concrete footings like a post hole digger, mixing hoe, concrete forms, and trowels. Consider renting specialized equipment as needed.
Having duplicates of essential tools on hand prevents workflow disruptions if something breaks on-site.
Step-by-Step Construction
With your drawings, materials, and tools now ready, we can walk through the hands-on building process step-by-step:
Mark the Layout
Drive stakes to mark the outer edge perimeter of the entire deck footprint. Use mason’s string stretched between the stakes to outline each level. Spray painting the grass makes the lines more visible. Measure diagonally between opposite corners to ensure a rectangular layout.
Install Concrete Footings
Dig holes for footings at least 1 foot in diameter and to below the frost line based on local codes. The bottom of the holes should rest on undisturbed soil. Pour in fresh concrete and sink metal post anchors or brackets into the center lined up with your string outlines.
Set Support Posts
Cut 6×6 pressure-treated posts to appropriate heights for each section. Fasten post bases to the bottom resting on the anchored footings. Stand up and brace the corner posts first using temporary supports. Fill with concrete around posts. Then add intermediate posts lining up with the outline.
Build Framing
With posts in place, measure and cut pressure-treated beams, joists, and blocking to match the plans. Use galvanized joist hangers and deck screws to fasten together the entire framing structure one level at a time. Overlap boards and reinforce key connection points.
Add Stairs
Measure rise and run spacing to build stair stringers from 2×12 boards. Cut notches where steps rest. Connect stringers between posts, treads and risers to form stair frames. Install railings on both sides anchored into posts.
Install Decking
For each level, lay down moisture barrier, then deck boards in staggered rows. Use fascia boards around the rim joists. Reserve the highest quality decking for top level walking surfaces. Rout splinters and pre-drill ends. Gap boards to allow water drainage.
Level 1
Start installing decking at the lowest level first. This section bears the weight of the tiers above. Use sturdy 2×6 or 5/4 decking and fasten well with screws.
Level 2
Build off of the first level to add the middle tier decking. Offset seams from the joints below. Leave space for stairs and railings.
Level 3
The top platform can utilize thicker exotic hardwoods or composite decking since it directly bears foot traffic. Stagger with sufficient gaps.
Attach Railings
Affix balusters and solid railing boards along the open sides of each elevated level. Use heavy-duty post caps to finish the structural posts. Add decorative post covers if desired.
Complete Final Touches
Apply weatherproof finish if needed. Install lighting fixtures and electrical wiring. Add benches, planters, pergola overhead, and other design elements. Caulk and paint as desired. Extend downspouts. Slope ground away.
Inspection and Permits
Schedule a final inspection after construction to get an occupancy permit or signed approval. Only use the deck after passing inspection. Renew permits and approval after any future modifications.
Maintenance
Preserve your investment in a multi-level deck with regular upkeep:
- Re-coat stained wood every 1-2 years.
- Use composite cleaners and UV protection annually.
- Inspect for loose fasteners, cracks, rot, and termites twice per year. Make all needed repairs.
- Keep decking clear of debris and leaf buildup.
- Re-level posts that settle over the years.
- Confirm elevated railings still meet code minimum heights.
Following good maintenance practices will maximize the lifespan of your multi-level deck for decades of outdoor enjoyment.
Conclusion
Building a multi-level deck is an ambitious but rewarding project for skilled DIYers. The key is proper design, quality materials, and step-by-step installation of framing, stairs, and decking from the ground up. Get all required permits and follow codes for safety. With good construction techniques and care over time, a multi-tier deck can effectively double or triple your functional outdoor space.