Powder-actuated tools pose a unique hazard in the workplace that requires proper safety precautions. These tools use an explosive charge to drive a fastener into concrete, steel, or other hard materials. When used improperly, powder-actuated tools can cause serious injury from flying fasteners or fragments.
Page Contents
Key Facts About Powder-Actuated Tool Hazards
Here are some key facts about the hazards of powder-actuated tools:
- The explosive charge can propel fasteners at speeds up to 1600 feet per second, faster than a bullet.
- Stray fasteners or fragments from the tool itself can ricochet and hit the operator or bystanders.
- Poorly maintained tools may misfire or double fire, ejecting extra fasteners.
- Fasteners can penetrate soft materials like wood easily and become lodged inside.
- Operating the tool too close to the edge of the work material can cause fragments to break off.
Types of Injuries
Some common injuries caused by powder-actuated tools include:
- Penetrating wounds – Fasteners can embed themselves deep into the body, damaging internal organs and tissues.
- Blunt trauma – Fasteners or fragments hitting the body with high force can cause bruises, broken bones, concussions.
- Eye injuries – Fasteners or debris can damage the eyes, potentially causing blindness.
- Hearing loss – The loud explosive charge can damage hearing without proper ear protection.
- Burns – Hot gases released or contact with the tool’s muzzle can cause burns.
Body Parts at Risk
The entire body is vulnerable to injury from powder-actuated tools. However, some areas are at higher risk:
- Head and neck – At risk for eye, brain, and spinal cord damage from fasteners.
- Chest and abdomen – Internal organs can be penetrated and damaged.
- Arms and hands – May be injured when holding work material or a fastener.
- Legs and feet – At risk when operating the tool in an awkward position.
Factors That Increase Risk
Certain situations can make injuries from powder-actuated tools more likely:
- Using the tool repeatedly in quick succession without allowing it to cool.
- Using the wrong power level charge for the fastener and material.
- Failing to brace the tool against the work surface when firing.
- Not holding the tool firmly perpendicular to the work surface.
- Allowing bystanders near the area during tool operation.
- Using damaged, corroded, or worn-out tools.
- Working in tight spaces with little room for error.
Required Safety Precautions
To prevent injuries from powder-actuated tools, certain safety precautions are required:
- Wear eye protection with side shields and a full face shield.
- Use earplugs and earmuffs together for full ear protection.
- Wear an approved hard hat to protect the head.
- Don appropriate gloves and steel-toe boots.
- Check the tool for obstructions before use.
- Use the correct power level and fastener for the application.
- Always brace the tool firmly against the work surface.
- Never point it at anyone.
- Keep all bystanders at least 50 feet away.
Training Requirements
Only trained operators should use powder-actuated tools after receiving proper instruction. Training should cover:
- Reading and understanding the operator’s manual.
- Choosing appropriate fasteners and power levels.
- Proper use techniques and positioning of the tool.
- Recognizing and clearing jams or misfires.
- Field stripping and maintenance of the tool.
- Applicable government regulations and local policies.
- Steps for establishing an effective safety zone.
Retraining should occur on a periodic basis, such as annually.
Conclusion
Powder-actuated tools are hazardous when their explosive power is not respected. Fasteners or fragments can cause traumatic eye injuries or penetrate the operator’s body. Proper training, protective equipment, and controlled operation is critical. Employers must establish safety protocols to protect workers from needless tragedy.