A curve cutting saw, also known as a scroll saw, is a small electric or pedal-operated saw used to make intricate curves and designs in woodworking projects. The blade is mounted vertically between the upper and lower arms of the saw, with the ability to tilt 45-90 degrees from vertical to cut angled shapes and apply bevel cuts. Scroll saws use ultra-thin pinless or pinned blades, usually ranging from 5″ to 30″ in length, that can maneuver tight curves and corners thanks to the vertical blade orientation and arm design. Let’s explore the details of curve cutting saws and how they enable detailed woodworking projects.
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What Makes a Scroll Saw Different Than Other Saws?
Scroll saws differ from jigsaws, band saws, and other saws in a few key ways:
- Blade Position: The vertical, reciprocating blade allows intricate cuts not possible with horizontal/rotating blades.
- Blade Size: Using razor-thin 5″-30″ blades permits tight turning radiuses under 1″.
- Table Design: The blade lifts through an opening in a flat table surface, letting you feed and turn your workpiece freely.
- Cut Control: Slow-speed electric motors or foot pedals give enhanced control over intricate cuts.
- Arm Tilt Ability: Tilting the upper arm lets you angle/bevel cuts up to 90 degrees off vertical.
Together, these attributes enable detailed curved cuts with enhanced control and maneuverability compared to bulkier saws using wider blades. The tradeoff is less power and ability to cut thicker stock than a band saw or jigsaw.
Common Uses of Scroll Saws
Thanks to their nimble blades and precision cutting control, scroll saws are the go-to tool for several types of woodworking activities:
- Fretwork – Delicate pierced carvings and filigree cuts in furniture and ornaments.
- Intarsia – Interlocking wood inlay puzzle designs.
- Segmentation – Creating 3D sculptures by stacking layers of wood.
- Compound Cuts – Cutting joints or shapes at angles.
- Prototyping – Quickly testing woodworking patterns and joints.
- Furniture Inlays – Adding decorative designs into table tops, cabinets, etc.
Essentially, any time you need to make gentle curves and corners with control and precision in wood under 2″ thick, a scroll saw is likely the best tool for the job.
Key Components and Features
Scroll saws may look basic, but they contain some clever engineering that aids their functionality:
Blade Mechanism
There are two types of blade mechanisms:
- Parallel Linkage – Uses parallel rods that move the blade straight up and down for precise cuts with minimal blade shifting. More accurate but requires frequent blade changes as the rod linkage is removed.
- C-Arm – Uses a pivoting C-shaped arm to lift the blade. Faster blade changes but potentially more blade shifting. Good for avoiding inner cutout areas.
Blade Clamp
Holds the thin blades vertically in place. Look for quick-change clamps for easier blade swaps.
Table
Made of cast iron or aluminum for stability. The blade lifts through an interior slot.
Dust Blower
Mounted nozzle blows air to keep cutline visible. Most models include this feature standard.
Hold-Down Foot
Holds workpiece flat to table while cutting. Usually overrides blade to avoid accidents.
Flex Shaft Light
Flexible neck lamp illuminates the cutline for precision work. Upgrade on some models.
Motor Type
Can be electric or pedal-powered by foot. Pedal models operate smoothly but electric offers more power.
Key Specs and Features
These are the top specifications and capabilities to evaluate when choosing a scroll saw:
Throat Size
Distance between blade and support arm. Larger means cutting bigger pieces. 16″-30″ is common.
Cutting Depth
Max workpiece thickness the saw can handle. Look for at least 2″ depth.
Table Size
Bigger tables support larger workpieces more steadily.
Speed Control
Smooth speed variability helps optimize different materials and tasks.
Tilting Head
Ability to angle blade from 0-45+ degrees enables bevel and compound cuts.
Variable Speed
Adjustable blade speed from 400-1500+ SPM lets you match cut needs.
Quick Blade Change
Tool-free blade changes improve work efficiency and convenience.
Top Scroll Saw Models
Here are some top-rated curve cutting saw options to consider across budget levels:
| Saw | Key Features |
|---|---|
| DeWalt DW788 | – 20″ throat capacity – 1-1/2″ max cutting depth – Parallel link arm |
| Shop Fox W1713 | – 16″ throat capacity – 2″ max cutting depth – Gooseneck work light |
| Delta 40-694 | – 30″ throat capacity – 2″ max cutting depth – Dual parallel link arms |
| Rikon 10-600VS | – 18″ throat capacity – 2-1/8″ max cutting depth – Variable speed |
| WEN 3975 | – 16″ throat capacity – 2″ max cutting depth – Spacious work table |
Types of Scroll Saw Blades
Scroll saws use specialized blades tailored to different needs:
Pin End or Pinless
Refers to whether there are metal pins at the blade tips. Pinless change easier but pin-end provide more control.
Skip Tooth
Alternating teeth that yield faster, rougher cuts. Good for thick or industrial materials.
Crown Tooth
Rounded teeth that provide smoother finishing cuts.
Spiral Blade
Twisted blade design to funnel dust away from cutline. Useful for detailed fretwork.
Reverse Tooth
Teeth angle opposite the cut direction to give a slower, smoother cut.
Scroll Saw Techniques, Tips, and Safety
Like any power tool, there are techniques and best practices to use a scroll saw safely and effectively:
- Secure workpiece using table clamps or a jig to prevent vibration.
- Keep blade perpendicular to work during inside cuts.
- Move workpiece slowly and steadily into blade.
- Reduce blade tension when cutting delicate materials.
- Apply cutting fluid or wax to lubricate blade.
- Use backing board beneath thin stock to prevent tear-out.
- Choose coarse blades for thick stock, fine for thinner.
- Reload blade with teeth pointing down toward the wood.
- Allow motor to reach full speed before starting cuts.
- Wear eye protection – blades can break and discharge.
With practice and these tips, scroll saws can become your go-to tool for bringing intricate designs to life in wood.
Conclusion
The scroll saw is an indispensable tool for detailed curved and angled cuts in woodworking. With a nimble, thin blade that can move intricately over a workpiece, scroll saws open up limitless creative possibilities for fretwork, segmentation, marquetry, and other precision wood crafts. While limited in durability for thick/hard woods compared to other saws, a scroll saw truly excels at making clean, accurate cuts in softer woods under 2″ thick. Whether you’re a hobbyist looking to expand your skillset or a professional seeking that perfect cut, the scroll saw delivers intricate capability traditional saws simply can’t match.