The rubber strip running around the edge of a car door frame is commonly referred to as a door seal, door weatherstrip, or door gasket. This rubber trim serves several important functions:
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Keeps the Elements Out
The main job of the door seal is to form a tight seal between the door and the door frame, preventing air, water, dust, and noise from entering the passenger compartment. As the door is shut, the flexible rubber compresses and molds to fill any gaps, essentially creating a tight rubber barrier between the inside and outside of the vehicle. This seal helps keep passengers comfortable by blocking drafts, wind noise, and inclement weather.
Holds the Door in Place
In addition to forming a tight air and water seal, door seals also help hold the door securely in position when closed. The rubber trim fits snugly against the door and frame and creates friction that resists the door swinging open while driving. Quality door seals will hold the door tight to avoid rattles or movement.
Provides Aesthetic Finishing
Door seals provide an attractive, finished look around the door opening. The trim covers any gaps or uneven edges and gives a flush, refined appearance. Door seals are designed to integrate smoothly with the lines of the vehicle.
Types of Door Seals
There are a few common types of door seals used on vehicles:
Rubber Seals
The most common type is an extruded rubber seal that fits over the door flange. Rubber seals provide good flexibility and sealing properties across a range of temperatures. EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) rubber is a common material choice.
Flocked Seals
Flocked door seals have a soft, fuzzy flocking material applied to the surface that contacts the door. The flocking material adheres tightly to the rubber core and helps improve the seal. It also reduces friction for a smoother door operation.
Plastic & Vinyl Seals
Some door seals use a rigid plastic or vinyl trim piece rather than rubber. These offer rigidity to help hold the door in position but lack the sealing capabilities of rubber. Plastic and vinyl are more prone to cracking over time.
Locations of Door Seals
Door seals are located along all mating surfaces between the door and the opening:
Door Edge Seals
This runs along the outer facing edge of the door that connects to the body of the vehicle. It prevents water from entering along the sides.
Door Opening Seals
Located on the door opening of the body, this seal runs along the outer perimeter and creates a tight seal as the door edge presses against it.
Inner Seals
Additional seals are located on the inner door panel to seal any inner gaps against the door frame.
| Location | Description |
|---|---|
| Door Edge Seals | Runs along outer edge of door |
| Door Opening Seals | On body door opening, presses against door edge |
| Inner Seals | Seal inner door gaps against frame |
Design Variations
While all door seals serve the same basic functions, their design can vary depending on the vehicle:
Seal Shapes
The cross-sectional shape of seals can differ, with bulb, tube, and lip shapes being common. The shape affects the sealing performance and compression characteristics.
Seal Materials
Rubber compounds are tailored to meet specific needs including flexibility, durability, and temperature resistance. Foam or flocking may be added for better sealing.
Attachment Methods
Seals may be attached with push-in retainers, metal clips, adhesive backing, or threaded fasteners depending on the vehicle design. This affects ease of replacement.
Integration with Trim
For certain vehicles, the door seal may integrate with adjacent trim pieces like cladding, molding, or chrome for a cohesive look.
Maintenance
To keep door seals in optimum condition:
Inspect Seals Regularly
Check for any cracks, gaps, or damage to ensure seals are intact. Issues can allow air/water leaks or door movement.
Clean Seals
Remove dirt buildup, debris, and grime so seals can maintain proper contact. Avoid harsh cleaners.
Apply Protectants
Keep seals supple and resilient by applying periodic coats of rubber protectant like silicone gel.
Avoid Over-Closing Doors
Slamming doors can damage seals over time. Close normally without excessive force.
Replace Worn Seals
Seals do degrade naturally over time. Replace them to restore a tight seal if they become excessively cracked or compressed.
Replacing Door Seals
With age and use, door seals eventually need replacement to maintain a tight seal. Here is an overview of replacement:
Assess Damage
Inspect seals to determine if a small section or entire piece needs replacement based on the extent of wear.
Obtain New Seal
For best results, get an OEM seal made specifically for the vehicle rather than a generic aftermarket piece.
Remove Old Seal
Pry out the old seal from the door flange or frame carefully to avoid damage. Use a pry tool and hammer if needed.
Clean Surfaces
Remove any old adhesive, grime, or rust along the sealing surface for proper adhesion.
Install New Seal
Position the new seal on the clean surface and press firmly into place. Use adhesive if required. Trim any excess length.
Test Door Operation
Close the door to ensure proper sealing and smooth movement. Adjust the seal if needed.
Troubleshooting Problems
Some common door seal problems and fixes:
| Issue | Possible Causes | Fixes |
|---|---|---|
| Air/water leaks | Damaged, cracked, or detached seal | Replace seal |
| Wind noise | Lost seal contact, gaps | Adjust or replace seal |
| Door sagging | Worn out, compressed seals | Replace seals |
| Door sticking | Dirty or painted seals | Clean or replace seals |
Conclusion
The rubber door seal is a simple but vital component that allows car doors to function properly while keeping the interior isolated. Maintaining these seals through regular inspection and replacement as needed will provide optimal door sealing for years. Checking and updating worn seals restores tight sealing against wind, rain, and noise. With basic care, the humble door seal helps ensure driving comfort and enjoyment.