Cisterns, which are used to collect and store rainwater, are becoming an increasingly popular option for homeowners in Ohio looking for sustainable and self-sufficient water solutions. However, as with any major home improvement project, it’s important to be aware of any legal regulations regarding cisterns before installing one on your property. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the legality of cisterns in Ohio, including an overview of state laws, local regulations, permit requirements, and any restrictions that could impact your plans to build a rainwater harvesting system. With the right information, Ohio residents can install code-compliant, effective cisterns to reduce their reliance on centralized water infrastructure.
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Are cisterns legal in Ohio?
The short answer is yes, cisterns are legal in Ohio. There is no statewide ban or prohibition on the use of rainwater harvesting systems. However, local ordinances and building codes may regulate cisterns in some jurisdictions. Some counties or municipalities require permits, specify construction methods, or place limits on cistern size. But in general, cisterns themselves are permissible. Homeowners have the right to collect rainwater from rooftops on their property and store it for later use.
Ohio state laws on rainwater harvesting
At the state level, the laws regarding cisterns in Ohio are fairly limited. There are no statutes that outright prohibit or restrict the installation of cisterns. The state has not enacted a comprehensive regulatory framework. Instead, Ohio leaves most oversight of rainwater harvesting to local governments. Some of the relevant state laws include:
- Ohio allows the use of rainwater for non-potable purposes like irrigation, cleaning, and flushing toilets. Using cistern water as a drinking water supply would require testing and treatment in order to meet standards for potable water.
- State plumbing codes include specifications for components like pumps, filters, and backflow preventers that are part of many cistern systems.
- Under Ohio water rights doctrines, landowners have a reasonable use right to the rainwater that falls on their property. This supports the legality of capturing and storing precipitation.
- County health departments have jurisdiction for approving cisterns as part of a septic system design. Cistern water can serve as a renewable source for the septic supply.
So while Ohio state laws allow and accommodate cistern usage, most of the regulatory oversight is delegated to local governments. Homeowners need to check with their municipality or county to determine specific rules that apply to cistern construction and maintenance.
Local ordinances and permitting requirements
Since few statewide laws address rainwater harvesting in Ohio, local ordinances tend to provide the primary regulations on cisterns. Counties and cities have taken different approaches, leading to variation across the state. Some jurisdictions require permits, while others have no specific cistern policies. Here are examples of local rules on cisterns that Ohio residents may encounter:
- Cleveland – Requires a permit for any cistern with over a 250 gallon storage capacity. Cisterns must be designed by a qualified professional engineer.
- Columbus – No permit is needed for cisterns under 5,000 gallons. Larger cisterns require a building permit.
- Cincinnati – Rainwater harvesting is encouraged. No permit is necessary for residential cisterns.
- Toledo – A permit is required for any cistern, regardless of size. Setback rules require 10 feet from property lines.
- Akron – Permits mandated for cisterns over 60 gallons attached to a building’s plumbing or drainage system.
This sample illustrates the diversity across Ohio’s cities when it comes to cistern regulations. Some towns promote rainwater harvesting by keeping requirements minimal, while others impose stricter rules. Checking local codes is an essential first step before installing a cistern.
Typical cistern permitting process
In localities where cistern permits are compulsory, the process will include several standard steps:
- Submit a permit application to the building department or zoning office. This will likely require a description of the cistern project, drawings, and site plans.
- Pay the permit fee. Fees vary based on cistern size and complexity, ranging from $25 into the hundreds of dollars.
- The permit office reviews the application for compliance with setback distances, size limits, installation methods, materials, and other codes.
- An inspector may visit the site during or after construction to verify the cistern is built to specifications.
- The jurisdiction issues the permit when codes are met satisfactorily. Regular inspections may be required afterwards.
Navigating local permitting can be challenging for DIY-ers. Hiring an experienced professional is advisable for those new to cistern installation. They can ensure your design meets the latest legal standards.
Zoning restrictions on cisterns
Cistern projects must also comply with zoning codes that regulate where structures can be located on a property. Common zoning rules include:
- Setbacks – Minimum distance from property lines, usually 5-10 feet for cisterns.
- Easements – Cannot build within utility easements along property boundaries.
- Location – Some areas prohibit cisterns in front or side yards for aesthetic reasons.
- Height limits – Square footage or height restrictions that would impact large cisterns.
Careful siting is required so the cistern structure conforms to zoning setbacks, easements, and related property rules.
Using cistern water in Ohio
While cisterns themselves are broadly legal in Ohio, regulations come into play regarding how collected rainwater may be used on site. Here are key considerations:
Outdoor uses
Using cistern water for irrigation, washing cars, or other outdoor purposes is unrestricted. Since this is non-potable water use, no special regulations or testing apply.
Indoor uses
Rainwater can also be utilized inside for toilet flushing, laundry, and HVAC systems. An independent cistern for non-potable indoor uses generally does not require a permit. However, plumbing codes come into play when connecting a cistern to a building’s existing drainage network. Backflow preventers, pumps, and filters must meet state and local specifications.
Drinking water
While possible, utilizing cistern water as your household drinking water supply raises safety issues and extra regulations. To become compliant potable water, cistern water must undergo extensive filtration, treatment, and disinfection. Routine testing for contaminants is also required. Unless designed to full drinking water standards, Ohio cisterns are limited to non-potable uses.
Professional installation for cistern code compliance
Based on the potential complexity of legal requirements and permitting, professional installation is advisable for most Ohio cistern projects. Unless you are very familiar with state and local codes, it is easy to overlook a necessary specification during DIY installation. A rainwater harvesting specialist can ensure your design meets regulations by:
- Obtaining necessary permits
- Optimizing cistern sizing and layout for your property
- Selecting materials and components that satisfy plumbing codes
- Installing backflow preventers, safety labels, and other mandated features
- Providing documentation for inspections
A professionally-engineered cistern has the best chance of complying with Ohio’s legal standards for rainwater harvesting systems. Maintenance visits can also ensure it continues operating safely and effectively.
Conclusion
Cisterns are a legally permissible option for Ohio homeowners interested in conserving water and increasing self-reliance. While regulated under local ordinances rather than state laws, properly designed systems can meet all code requirements across the state. By researching area building codes, obtaining necessary permits, and hiring experienced installation assistance, Ohio residents can add a compliant cistern to their property. With an understanding of applicable legal standards, this sustainable technology can be integrated into both new and existing homes.