Installing a hot tub in the ground can allow you to save space above ground while creating a beautiful backyard oasis. An in-ground hot tub can provide a seamless look and feel to your landscape while also providing the benefits of hydrotherapy and relaxation. However, installing an in-ground hot tub requires careful planning and preparation to ensure proper installation and functionality. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the requirements, costs, and process for installing an in-ground hot tub.
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Benefits of an In-Ground Hot Tub
There are several advantages to installing a hot tub fully or partially in the ground:
– More discreet look – An in-ground hot tub can blend into landscaping and take up less visual space. This allows the tub to look like a natural pond or pool feature.
– Space saving – By installing the hot tub partially or fully in the ground, you save area above ground for other uses.
– Energy efficiency – The earth surrounding an in-ground hot tub provides natural insulation, retaining heat better than above ground hot tubs.
– Customizable – In-ground hot tubs allow you to build a custom size and shape to suit your yard.
– Ambiance – Sitting in a sunken hot tub can provide a greater sense of privacy and serenity. The earth also blocks wind and outside distractions.
Requirements for In-Ground Hot Tubs
Before installing an in-ground hot tub, there are several requirements to consider:
Zoning Laws
Check your local zoning laws and homeowners association rules to ensure in-ground hot tubs are permitted. There may be restrictions on placement, size, construction materials, and required setbacks from property lines. Permits are often required prior to installation.
Load Bearing Ground
The ground must be able to bear the weight of the hot tub, water, and occupants. Loose soils like sand may require extra support from a concrete foundation or footing underneath the tub. In some cases, pilings may need to be driven into the ground to support the weight.
Proper Drainage
The tub excavation must allow for proper drainage and water runoff. Sufficient drainage prevents water from pooling and eroding the foundation. Drainage pipe is typically installed and covered with gravel before pouring the concrete tub foundation.
Ground Water Management
The hot tub must be protected from buoyant forces from groundwater. High groundwater levels can cause the empty tub to want to “float” upwards out of the ground. Proper drainage, waterproofing, and ballast weight help counteract this.
Frost Line Depth
In cold climates, the tub excavation must extend below the local frost line depth to prevent frost heave damage. This is the depth at which groundwater freezes and can shift the ground upwards. The foundation and water/electrical lines need to be below this level.
Accessibility
You’ll need practical exterior access to equipment for maintenance and repairs. Stairs, pathways, and removable surrounding decking are often used to allow access.
In-Ground Hot Tub Construction
Constructing an in-ground hot tub involves several key steps:
Excavation
The site is excavated to the planned depth and dimensions. The excavated area must extend several feet outward from the hot tub footprint for an accessible work area. Excavated soil is transported away.
Foundation
A concrete foundation framed with rebar is poured at the bottom of the pit. The foundation must be level, well-drained, and capable of bearing the tub weight.
Drainage
Perforated drainage pipes are laid on the gravel base. Drainage aggregate directs water away from the foundation.
Structure
The hot tub shell structure is lowered into the excavated area and secured to the foundation. The shell can be custom built or a prefabricated acrylic, fiberglass, stainless steel, or concrete unit.
Plumbing
Hot and cold water lines, jets, skimmers, and drains are connected to the shell interior. PVC pipes are typically used. An external pump circulates water between the tub and mechanical equipment.
Surroundings
The area around the hot tub is backfilled and compacted. Surfaces like concrete, flagstone, or wood can create a deck around the sunken tub. Landscaping can help the tub blend naturally.
Access
Stairs, pathways, and removable sections are added to allow maintenance access to equipment. Lockable covers also provide safety and security when not in use.
In-Ground Hot Tub Costs
The cost of an in-ground hot tub depends on the size, construction, features, and site conditions. Some typical pricing:
– Hot tub shell – $3,000 to $10,000
– Excavation – $1,000 to $5,000
– Foundation – $2,000 to $5,000
– Plumbing – $1,000 to $2,000
– Surroundings – $3,000 to $10,000
– Total installed cost – $10,000 to $35,000
Extra costs may include permits, engineering, custom shells, and accessories like covers and steps. The complexity of the excavation and landscaping also impacts overall pricing.
Factors Affecting Cost
– Size – Larger tubs require more materials and labor.
– Shell material – Concrete, acrylic, or steel shells vary in cost.
– Custom shell – Prefabricated shells are cheaper than custom built.
– Terrain – Difficult excavation in rocky or unstable soil costs more.
– Access – Remote or confined sites are more challenging and expensive.
– Surroundings – Decking, landscaping, and added features increase costs.
– Permits – Some areas have high permit and inspection fees.
– Professional installation – Do-it-yourself projects can potentially save on labor costs.
Should You Install an In-Ground Hot Tub?
Here are some key considerations when deciding on an in-ground hot tub:
Usage
Consider how often the hot tub will realistically get used. Infrequent use may not justify the higher cost of an in-ground installation. Above ground hot tubs or portable spas may be more economical.
Space
In-ground tubs make the most sense when space is limited. The sunken design preserves open yard area. Alternatively, a rooftop tub or free standing above ground tub may work depending on your property.
Landscaping
Assess how well an in-ground tub can blend with your existing landscaping. It should look like a natural enhancement, not an afterthought. Also consider future landscape plans.
Budget
The $10,000 to $35,000 price range for an installed in-ground hot tub is substantial. Make sure your budget allows for unexpected costs and delays too.
Permits
Research permit requirements and any HOA rules before assuming an in-ground tub is feasible. Some areas prohibit certain hot tub installations.
Maintenance
Consider the long-term maintenance of water chemistry, cleaning, accessing equipment, seasonal use, and repairs. Above ground hot tubs tend to require less ongoing effort.
Safety Considerations
Proper design and construction is crucial for safety when installing an in-ground hot tub:
– Handrails and non-slip stairs prevent falls.
– Lockable covers prevent unauthorized access.
– Proper drainage and waterproofing avoid water damage risks.
– GFCI electrical circuits and fencing provide electrocution and entrapment protection.
– Watertight light fixtures reduce electrical hazards.
– Overcurrent protection for pumps avoids burns from suction entrapment.
– Emergency shutoff switch allows quick shutdown.
– Signage indicates water depths and potential dangers to guests.
Inspecting and maintaining safety equipment is also essential. Never allow unsupervised children access without an adult present.
How to Maintain an In-Ground Hot Tub
To keep your in-ground hot tub running smoothly:
– Test and adjust water 2-3 times per week. Maintain proper pH, sanitizer, and mineral levels.
– Shock treat water weekly and replace 25% of water monthly to control contaminants.
– Clean filter cartridges monthly or as needed to improve circulation.
– Inspect jets and plumbing for leaks, damage, or blockages. Remove scale and debris regularly.
– Lubricate o-rings and seals yearly to prevent leaks.
– Drain and refill tub every 3-4 months to prevent buildup.
– Have a professional service mechanical systems annually.
– Winterize tub in colder climates by draining water and lines, blowing out pipes, adding RV antifreeze.
– Make repairs promptly to prevent further deterioration or unsafe conditions.
With proper installation and regular care, an in-ground hot tub can provide years of reliable relaxation and enjoyment. Consult a professional hot tub company for guidance choosing the right model, materials, and installation method for your property. Take time to consider all the upfront and long-term requirements before undertaking this major backyard project. With the right prep work and ongoing maintenance, an in-ground hot tub can become a backyard oasis you’ll enjoy for years to come.