Koi ponds are a popular backyard water feature that allow homeowners to keep beautiful koi fish. Most koi ponds are designed as in-ground ponds that are dug into the ground and lined with a rubber liner. However, for some homeowners, constructing an in-ground pond may not be feasible due to space limitations, soil conditions, or local regulations. This leads many to wonder – can you have a koi pond above ground?
The short answer is yes, it is absolutely possible to have an above ground koi pond. With the right design and equipment, above ground koi ponds can be just as beautiful and functional as traditional in-ground ponds. There are several different approaches to building an above ground koi pond, each with their own pros and cons.
In this article, we’ll explore everything you need to know about above ground koi ponds, including:
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Types of Above Ground Koi Ponds
There are three main types of above ground koi pond designs:
Pre-Formed Plastic Ponds
Pre-formed plastic ponds are polyethylene ponds that come in a variety of shapes and sizes from pond manufacturers. They typically have a lifetime warranty and are designed specifically for above ground use. These ponds are lightweight, easy to install, and some are even portable. They come with integrated filtration systems and water features. Pre-formed ponds are a great plug-and-play option for koi ponds. However, they have limited shape and size options compared to custom built ponds.
Framed Koi Ponds
Framed koi ponds use a wooden or steel frame that is erected above ground and wrapped with a pond liner. The frame establishes the shape and structure of the pond. A rubber or PVC pond liner is added to waterproof the inside surface of the frame. Framed ponds allow nearly unlimited customization in terms of shape and size. This approach requires more time and skill to construct compared to other options. The frame and liner also have a shorter lifespan than molded plastic ponds.
Pond-less Waterfalls
Pond-less waterfalls do not have an actual standing water pond. Water is pumped from a reservoir or tank into a spillway containing decorative rocks, gravel, or stones. The water cascades down the spillway like a waterfall and drains back into the reservoir to be recirculated. This creates the sight and sound of a waterfall without the need for a full pond. Koi fish cannot be kept in a pond-less waterfall system since there is no pond. However, they are an easy, low maintenance alternative if you simply want the fountain or waterfall effect.
Construction of Above Ground Ponds
Constructing an above ground koi pond takes careful planning, preparation, and construction. Here are some tips for building your own above ground pond:
Choose a Site
Choose a level area of your yard that gets ample sun and has good drainage. Consider how the pond will look in your landscape design. Ensure you have access to electrical and water connections for the pond equipment.
Design the Pond Layout
Determine the desired shape, length, width and depth of your pond. Larger ponds of at least 1000 gallons are recommended for koi health and winterization. Design in dedicated areas for equipment, plumbing, and electrical. Consider water features like rocks, gravel, or spillways.
Install Structural Elements
For plastic pre-formed ponds, follow manufacturer instructions to prepare the base and lower the pond into place. For framed ponds, erect the frame according to your design and secure it. Make sure the frame is level, square, and braced.
Add Pond Liner
For framed ponds, add an underlayment like carpet padding before installing the rubber or PVC liner over the entire interior surface. Avoid sharp rocks or roots that could puncture the liner. Allow enough overlap and leave liner slack for water displacement.
Install Pond Equipment
Add pumps, filters, plumbing, electrical circuits, and other equipment needed to circulate and clean the water. Run all equipment for 48 hours and check for leaks before introducing fish.
Landscape Around the Pond
Decorate around the pond with rocks, gravel, or boulders. Plant grasses, vegetation, or flowers to integrate the pond into your yard landscape. Consider installing lighting to illuminate the pond at night.
Advantages of Above Ground Koi Ponds
Constructing a koi pond above ground has several notable advantages:
- Easier Installation – Above ground ponds require less excavation and soil disruption than dug ponds.
- Versatile Locations – Above ground ponds can be installed on surfaces where in-ground ponds are not practical.
- Customizable Size – Framed ponds allow building any shape or size to suit your space.
- Lower Cost – Pre-formed ponds are less expensive compared to installing a full liner pond.
- Portability – Some pre-formed ponds are lightweight enough to move if desired.
- Better Accessibility – Doing maintenance on an above ground pond is easier than in an in-ground pond.
Disadvantages of Above Ground Koi Ponds
However, there are some disadvantages to weigh as well when considering an above ground koi pond:
- Limited Depth – Above ground ponds are typically not as deep as in-ground ponds.
- Smaller Capacity – They have less water volume than dug ponds up to 6 feet deep.
- Shorter Liner Lifespan – Plastic and rubber liners need replacing every 10-15 years.
- Vulnerable to Weather – Above ground ponds are more exposed to temperature fluctuations.
- Higher Pump Requirements – Frequent water recirculation is needed in shallower ponds.
- More Visible Equipment – Filtration systems may be more obvious than in an in-ground pond.
Koi Pond Supplies
Some critical supplies and equipment needed for an above ground koi pond include:
Pond Liner
PVC or rubber pond liner resistant to UV rays. Made from durable reinforced PVC. Usually 20-30 mil thickness.
Water Pump
Submersible pump sized for pond volume. Minimum of 1800 GPH recommended for koi ponds. Allows water circulation.
Filters
External canister filter and/or biological waterfall filter to remove debris and maintain water clarity.
Plumbing Kit
Flexible PVC tubing, PVC pipe, fittings, valves for connecting pumps, filters, and water features with a water tight seal.
Air Pump & Tubing
Provides oxygenation and agitation for pond health. Need accessories like air stones and valves.
Water Test Kit
Measures pH, ammonia, nitrites, nitrates, etc. to monitor water parameters for koi health.
Net
Fish net for catching or removing koi and debris as needed for maintenance. Choose fine mesh nets.
UV Clarifier
Optional UV sterilizer kills algae and harmful bacteria for crystal clear water. Installed inline.
Bottom Drain
A bottom drain allows easier pond cleaning from heavy debris settling at the bottom.
Koi Pond Construction Cost
The cost to build an above ground koi pond depends on the size, materials, and features included in the design. Some typical ranges for pond construction costs include:
| Pond Type | Pond Size | Cost Range |
|---|---|---|
| Preformed Plastic Pond Kit | 100 – 1000 Gallons | $500 – $5,000 |
| Framed Pond with Liner | 1000 – 5000 Gallons | $2,000 – $7,000 |
| Professionally Installed Pond | 2500+ Gallons | $10,000 – $25,000 |
As you can see, installed costs greatly depend on the size and complexity of the koi pond design. Preformed pond kits are the most budget friendly, while professionally installed custom ponds are highest. Factor in costs for equipment like pumps, filters, lighting and landscaping to complete your koi pond build.
Winter Care for Above Ground Ponds
One consideration with above ground koi ponds is that they are exposed and more vulnerable to freezing temperatures in winter. Here are some tips to keep koi safe in your above ground pond during winter:
- Maintain Water Temperature – Use a pond heater to prevent ice over and keep water temps above 50°F.
- Insulate Piping – Wrap pumps, plumbing, and filters to prevent freezing damage.
- Remove Debris – Clean fallen leaves, dirt and waste from the bottom before the surface ices over.
- Check Oxygen Levels – Cold water holds less oxygen so monitor levels daily.
- Reduce Feeding – Only feed minimally 1-2 times per week during winter months.
- Test Water Quality – Check pH, ammonia, and dissolved oxygen levels weekly.
- Install Aeration – Add air stones, fountains, or agitators to oxygenate the pond.
With proper winter care, koi can thrive year round in well maintained above ground ponds. Be sure to monitor conditions diligently during winter months.
Conclusion
Above ground koi ponds offer a versatile alternative to traditional dug ponds that require less installation work and allow placement on any surface. Pre-formed plastic ponds provide the easiest setup, while framed ponds offer the most customization. Key considerations are smaller size, potential winter hazards, and equipment placement compared to in-ground ponds. With careful design and setup however, above ground koi ponds can be quite attractive and sustain healthy koi year after year. They are great pond options for homeowners with space limitations or sites unsuitable for excavation.
