Turning a shed into a house or living space is something that many homeowners consider when they need extra space. While it is possible to convert a shed into a living area, there are important factors to consider before taking on such a project.
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Is it Legal?
The first and most important question is whether converting your shed into a residence is legal where you live. Most municipalities have zoning laws and building codes that dictate if and how sheds can be converted to habitable spaces. Some key things to look into include:
- Permitted uses for sheds vs accessory dwelling units
- Minimum sq footage requirements
- Required amenities like kitchen, bathroom, heating
- Egress and fire safety regulations
- Permitting process and required inspections
- Max occupancy limits
Before going any further with plans to convert a shed, be sure to check with your local zoning office and permit office to find out what the laws and application process entail. Many areas prohibit converting sheds or have stringent regulations. It’s important to find out what you’re getting into first.
Shed Size and Layout
Assuming it is legal, the size and layout of your shed is the next key consideration. There are minimum space requirements to make a shed livable, including:
- Enough space for basic living functions like sleeping, sitting, dining, cooking, bathing
- Proper ceiling height for moving around (at least 7 feet)
- Adequate room for insulation, utilities, HVAC
- Meets occupancy limits for residents
Most sheds under 200 square feet will likely be too small to convert into proper living space, especially if you want to allow for a kitchen, bathroom, living area, and sleeping area. Carefully measure your shed and develop a thoughtful layout before moving forward.
Construction and Materials
For a shed to be turned into livable space, it must be built to the same structural standards as a house or apartment. Here are some key construction considerations:
- Foundation – may need upgrades to support living loads
- Framing – walls and roof must support insulation, utilities, HVAC
- Roofing – durable, weatherproof material like asphalt shingles
- Exterior siding – protective materials like wood or vinyl siding
- Windows – double pane for weatherproofing
- Doors – insulated, weather-stripped exterior doors
- Insulation – walls and ceilings must be properly insulated
- Vapor Barriers – prevents moisture issues
Upgrading an existing shed or building a new one from the ground up with livable space in mind will be required to meet safety codes and functionality.
Plumbing
One of the biggest projects involved with converting a shed is adding plumbing, including:
- Running water lines for kitchen, bathroom sinks, toilets, shower
- Sewer/septic system tie-in
- Proper drainage for bathrooms, kitchen
- Hot water heater
This will likely require trenching, connecting to main house lines, obtaining permits, and professional installation. Planning bathroom and kitchen layouts carefully around plumbing requirements is also important.
Electrical and HVAC
Just like a house, a converted shed needs proper electrical and HVAC to be comfortable and safe:
- Sufficient power supply and electrical panel
- Interior and exterior lighting
- Proper wiring with enough circuits and outlets
- Heating and air conditioning system
- Ventilation for kitchen, bathrooms
This can add significantly to conversion costs. Solar panels can help supplement electrical needs at lower costs.
Kitchen Requirements
If you plan to put a kitchen in your converted shed, there are special considerations:
- Adequate room for appliances, cabinets, countertops
- Proper electrical, gas lines for appliances
- Ventilation system over stove
- Sinks require plumbing
- Space for trash, recycling, compost if required
- Refrigerator
Kitchens must meet safety and sanitation codes. Space limitations may influence what type of cooking appliances you can have.
Bathroom Requirements
Bathrooms involve significant planning and compliance too:
- Toilet, sink requires plumbing
- Shower or bathtub
- Proper ventilation
- Adequate space for moving around
Special bathroom flooring, fixtures, lighting, and cabinets may be needed to function well in a smaller shed space. Building codes dictate minimum bathroom dimensions and features.
Storage and Furniture
Being selective with furnishings and creatively designing storage will maximize livable space:
- Murphy beds, loft beds, and convertible furniture
- Shelving and closet space
- Shared multipurpose furniture
- Tall, narrow bathroom vanities
- Small kitchen appliances like compact fridge
With some creative furniture choices and layout, even a small shed can accommodate the necessities.
Permitting and Inspections
Most municipalities require permits and inspections when converting a shed:
- Construction permits
- Plumbing, electrical, mechanical permits
- Inspections at multiple stages
- Certificate of Occupancy upon completion
Be sure to have licensed contractors handle jobs like electrical and plumbing so it passes inspection. Fulfilling building code requirements can be complicated.
Costs
Converting a basic shed to livable space can easily cost $20,000-50,000, with higher costs for larger sheds:
| Project | Average Cost |
|---|---|
| Framing/Structural Upgrades | $5,000 |
| Insulation | $1,500 |
| Windows | $2,500 |
| Exterior Siding | $3,000 |
| Plumbing | $6,000 |
| Electrical | $3,500 |
| HVAC | $4,000 |
| Kitchen | $5,000 |
| Bathroom | $7,000 |
| Paint/Flooring | $2,000 |
Major appliances, finishes, fixtures, and labor can add substantially to costs. Creating a detailed budget for the project is crucial.
Alternatives to Converting a Shed
Given the potential hurdles of converting a shed, also consider alternatives:
- Construct an accessory dwelling unit specifically designed as a living space instead.
- Look into prefabricated backyard studios or small homes that may be allowed.
- Rent out an apartment or additional living space nearby.
- Add on an addition to your main home if allowed.
These options may be simpler and more affordable than trying to convert a standard shed, depending on your needs.
Conclusion
Converting a shed into a house or living area is possible, but comes with many legal and construction challenges. If you have the budget, time, and ability to meets codes, it can add valuable living space. But also weigh the costs and research requirements before proceeding to avoid compliance issues down the road. With proper planning and research, that backyard shed can be transformed into a small oasis of additional living area.