Yes, it is possible to surface mount an electrical outlet rather than installing it inside the wall cavity. Surface mounting an outlet can provide a quicker, easier installation compared to cutting into the wall to embed the box. However, there are some important considerations when deciding whether to surface mount an outlet or not.
When is surface mounting an outlet an option?
Surface mounting an outlet may make sense in certain situations, such as:
- When it is difficult to fish wires through finished walls – Surface mounting avoids having to cut large holes in the drywall and patch/paint afterwards
- For temporary power needs – Such as during remodeling or events, surface mounted outlets can provide plug access without permanent installation
- When walls are concrete, brick or another material where cutting is difficult
- In exposed locations like basements or garages where aesthetic appearance of outlets is less important
- For accessible outlets required by code – Such as outlets placed a minimum height above counter surfaces
- When rapid installation is required – Surface mounting is generally faster than cutting into the wall and installing a recessed box
So in summary, surface mounting outlets can be an option for temporary power needs, when avoiding wall cutting is preferred, or when a recessed box is not required aesthetically.
Limitations of surface mounted outlets
However, there are some downsides and limitations to keep in mind with surface mounting:
- Aesthetics – Surface mounted boxes will visually stand out compared to recessed outlets
- Exposure to damage – Outlets sticking out from the wall are more prone to physical impacts
- Potential code violations – Electrical code requires permanent outlets to be mounted to a stud or other firm structure. Surface mounting on just drywall may not satisfy this.
- Easier to tamper with – Having outlets in exposed boxes makes them easier to access by children or others that should not be messing with them
- Requires surface-rated outlet – Regular recessed outlets are not rated for surface mounting
- Cord clearance issues – Cords plugged into the outlet may be pressed against the wall surface
So in situations where appearance is important and the outlets need to be secure and tamper-resistant, surface mounting is probably not the best choice.
Types of Surface Mounted Outlets
If you do choose to surface mount an outlet, there are a few different types of specialty outlet boxes designed for this purpose:
Surface Raceway Outlets
Surface raceway outlets use a long, rectangular box that runs horizontally along the wall surface:
- Provides multiple outlet ports along its length
- Offers cable management by housing wires running underneath it
- Usually mounts on wall but can be installed along baseboards, floors, ceilings, etc.
- Comes in various colors and lengths to suit needs
Benefits include easier access to multiple outlets and simplified cable routing underneath the raceway. But raceways stand out visually on the wall and may not comply with permanent outlet requirements.
Low-Profile Outlets
Low-profile outlets aim to provide a more discreet surface mounted option:
- Outlet box stays close to the wall, under 1″ depth
- Can be painted to match wall and be less visually obvious
- Single outlet option available, as well as double or triple
- Can meet codes for permanent outlets in some cases
The smaller size makes low-profile outlets a bit more subtle than bulky raceway styles. They can be used for permanent power needs presuming attachment to a stud or solid backing can be achieved.
Extra Duty Outlets
Extra duty or commercial-grade outlets are another surface mounting option:
- Durable metal construction
- Tamper-resistant shutters
- Weather resistant covers available
- Capable of being permanently mounted to wall structure
Extra duty outlets are meant for exposed, high-use applications like workshops, garages, or outdoor covered areas. The sturdier design holds up to moisture, impacts, and tampering.
Installation Process
Installing a surface mounted outlet generally involves the following steps:
1. Position the outlet box
Determine the ideal height and location for the outlet on the wall. Consider factors like:
- Height of countertops or other surfaces
- Clearances to windows, doors, and corners
- Avoiding obstacles like pipes or ductwork inside the wall
- Maximum cord lengths to reach the outlet
Mark the wall with a pencil once you’ve identified the optimal spot.
2. Mount the outlet box
Use proper screws to securely attach the outlet box to the wall surface. Some key points:
- Aim to hit a wall stud center for maximum strength
- Use toggles or molly bolts if mounting only to drywall
- Ensure the box sits flush to the wall
- Surface raceways may mount with adhesive instead of screws
Proper mechanical anchoring is critical to ensure the outlet box doesn’t pull away from the wall.
3. Run wiring to the box
Run the necessary power cables from the electrical source to the outlet box:
- Non-metallic sheathed cable is commonly used
- Use cable clamps and connectors to secure wire entry into the box
- Keep cable runs as short and neat as possible
Check your local codes for any wiring method restrictions depending on outlet location and usage.
4. Connect the outlet
Connect the black (hot), white (neutral), and ground wires to the correct outlet terminals:
- Ensure ground wire is attached to outlet grounding screw or clip
- Make tight, secure connections with no loose wire strands
- Use wire nuts to cap any unused wire ends
Follow proper polarity and terminations per outlet manufacturer instructions.
5. Mount the outlet
Secure the outlet into the box, being careful not to pinch any wires:
- Outlet screws should thread cleanly into box holes
- Outlet face should sit flush and square to the wall
Double check that screw terminals are fully tightened at the outlet.
6. Add a cover plate
Put on an appropriate outlet cover plate, matching outlet style:
- Cover plate should fit snugly over box without gaps
- For wet areas, use an in-use weatherproof cover
- On construction sites, a metallic bubble cover may be required
This final step finishes off the surface mounted outlet for safe use.
Conclusion
Surface mounting an outlet is one option for providing power access without having to cut into walls. While there are ideal applications where surface mounting makes sense, it may not be the best choice aesthetically or for permanent power in all cases. If pursuing surface outlet installation, be sure to use rated boxes, proper mounting techniques, and safe wiring methods. Considering both the benefits and limitations will lead to the right outlet mounting approach for your specific electrical needs.