Building a small indoor waterfall can create a relaxing feature in any home. Indoor waterfalls range from desktop size to larger installations spanning several feet. The soothing sound of flowing water helps reduce stress and masks unwanted background noise.
An indoor waterfall requires careful planning and some specialized materials. But with a bit of DIY knowledge, you can create a customized water feature to enjoy for years to come.
Here are some key questions to consider when planning your indoor waterfall:
What size waterfall should you build?
The dimensions depend on the space you have available and your personal preferences. Small tabletop fountains under 2 feet wide offer versatility for placement in any room. Larger installations from 4-6 feet wide make more of a design statement.
What is the best location for your waterfall?
Look for a solid, level surface away from direct sunlight and heating/cooling vents. Most indoor waterfalls work best installed along a wall or corner.
How will you incorporate lighting effects?
Underwater lights and exterior spotlights can highlight cascading water to create a soothing ambiance. Consider different lighting colors and effects.
Do you need a reservoir or water recirculation pump?
Self-contained tabletop fountains have small reservoirs. Larger waterfalls require an exterior reservoir and recirculating pump to keep water flowing continuously.
What materials will you need?
Essential supplies include waterfall foam, liner, pump, tubing, adhesives, lighting, and decorative rocks. You may also need wood, PVC, or other materials to construct a frame.
Page Contents
Planning Your Design
The first step in creating your indoor waterfall is deciding on the overall size and visual look. Here are some key factors to consider in your design plan:
Dimensions
– Measure the space available and sketch plans for waterfall width and height. Allow 18-24 inches clearance in front for accessibility.
– Tabletop fountains under 2 feet wide are easiest for beginners. Larger installations may require structural reinforcement.
– The waterfall lip or ledge width impacts splash and flow patterns. Wider lips spread water flow outwards.
Shape
– Rectangle shapes maximize flat wall space. Curves and angles add visual interest.
– Tiered waterfall edges provide layers and dimension.
– Consider asymmetric or angled layouts to fit corner installations.
Reservoir
– Self-contained tabletop fountains have small 2-5 gallon reservoirs.
– Larger waterfalls need an external reservoir of 10-25 gallons. Locate this nearby and concealed.
– Determine if you will manually fill reservoir or install a recirculating pump system.
Materials
– Waterfall foam is the typical backing material. Adhesive vinyl liner contains the water.
– An external frame made of wood, PVC pipes, or other solid materials provides structural support.
– Pick decorative stones and gravel that complement your décor. Neutral tones offer versatility.
Here is an example sketch of a planned indoor waterfall design:
| Dimensions | 36″ W x 18″ H x 6″ D lip |
|---|---|
| Shape | Rectangular with asymmetric angled lip |
| Reservoir | External 15 gallon reservoir |
| Materials | Foam, vinyl liner, wood frame, neutral stones |
Take measurements and create sketches of the space where you plan to install the waterfall. This will help you estimate needed material amounts before construction.
Installing the Frame
The frame provides structural support for your waterfall foundation. Here are some tips for installing different types of frames:
Wood frame
– Use moisture-resistant wood like cedar or redwood. Avoid pressure-treated lumber which can leech chemicals.
– Cut boards to required dimensions for front, sides, and base support.
– Assemble frame pieces using glue and screws. Ensure corners are square.
– Anchor frame securely to wall studs and/or floor. Add diagonal bracing for stability.
PVC pipe frame
– Cut pipes to size using a hacksaw. A miter box ensures straight cuts.
– Dry fit pieces together first before permanently adhering.
– Use PVC primer and cement to bond pipes. Allow to fully cure.
– Mount pipes to a plywood backer anchored to the wall.
Metal frame
– Aluminum bars and brackets offer a sturdy alternative.
– Match measurements to cut bars using a hacksaw or pipe cutter.
– Connect bars with L-brackets and screws. Check corners for squareness.
– Secure metal frame to wall with anchors rated for the weight.
A level, square frame provides the critical foundation for the rest of your waterfall components. Take time to measure and assemble the frame correctly before moving on.
Applying Waterfall Foam
Waterfall foam creates the shaped backing required for proper water flow. Here is a step-by-step guide to applying foam:
Prepare frame
– Cover frame with painter’s plastic or tape for protection.
– Lightly coat frame surface with silicone caulk to prevent foam adhesion.
Apply foam
– Start at the bottom and work upwards in layers. Allow each layer to partially cure before adding more.
– Shape foam with a serrated knife or rasp tool once cured.
– Carve tiers, contours, and textures as desired for waterfall design.
Finish foam surface
– Fill any holes and gaps with small foam pieces or acrylic sealant.
– Smooth and shape final surface with 60-80 grit sandpaper.
– Seal foam with 2-3 coats of waterproof epoxy resin.
Attach liner
– Cover cured foam with adhesive vinyl liner. Smooth out any air bubbles.
– Wrap liner over foam and attach to frame sides and base. Trim excess.
Proper foam shaping and installation ensures water flows over the falls as intended without leaking. Take your time to apply foam layers smoothly and carve contours for the desired waterfall shape.
Plumbing Components
The plumbing circulates water from the reservoir to the top of the waterfall. This system must be waterproof and properly sized.
Pump
– Submersible pumps are commonly used. Match pump size to waterfall width.
– Check pump flow rate and head height to determine sufficient output.
– Install pump in reservoir with tubing outlet aimed at top of falls.
Tubing
– Use flexible tubing with diameter sized for pump output.
– Run tubing between reservoir and waterfall behind liner or inside frame.
– Secure tubing in place with clips, avoiding tight bends.
Water distribution
– A long linear reservoir evenly distributes water across the falls.
– For center-mounted inlets, use split tubing or a PVC water distributor.
– Conceal tubing inlet and hardware behind waterfall foam and stones.
Proper pump sizing and routing of tubing is critical to maintain an even, smooth water flow over your waterfall. Consult a plumbing professional if needed.
Adding Lighting
Lighting illuminates and accents the cascading water to create a relaxing ambiance. Popular options include:
LED strip lights
– Apply waterproof LED strips behind the waterfall using adhesive backing.
– Look for LEDs designed for outdoor use with silicone covering.
– Use multiple short sections instead of very long strips for positioning.
Submersible lights
– Small submersible LED pucks provide colored lighting effects.
– Place lights in reservoir pointing up towards waterfall.
– Link multiple lights together to coordinate colors and lighting schemes.
Exterior spotlights
– Install recessed lights above the waterfall to spotlight it from above.
– Use fixtures rated for moisture if mounted directly above water source.
– Position spotlights to avoid glare and illuminate waterfall evenly.
Consider combining lighting types such as submerged LEDs paired with recessed spotlights. Install a dimmer switch to control brightness and create the perfect ambiance.
Lighting Options Comparison
| Type | Location | Advantages |
|---|---|---|
| LED strip lights | Behind waterfall | – Directly accentuates water |
| Submersible lights | Inside reservoir | – Color-changing effects |
| Exterior spotlights | Above waterfall | – Highlights overall display |
Properly positioned and angled lighting transforms the waterfall into an inviting feature whether in use or turned off on display.
Selecting and Placing Decorative Rocks
Rocks and gravel around the waterfall reservoir complete the natural look. Here are tips for selection and placement:
Rock types
– Basalt, slate and lava rock are common choices. Avoid soft sedimentary rocks.
– Larger rocks 4-8 inches give scale. Mix with smaller 1-2 inch pebbles.
– Neutral earth tones complement most decors. Avoid brightly colored or vivid stones.
Rock placement
– Arrange rocks visually from large to small as you move up falls.
– Overlap rocks for a seamless look. Caulk gaps if needed.
– Extended the rock edge 6-12 inches past water line to control splashing.
Gravel
– Add a 1-2 inch gravel layer between rocks to prevent shifting.
– Blend gravel color with rocks for a cohesive look.
– Leave reservoir bottom bare for easiest cleaning.
Here is an example rock and gravel placement design:
| Zone | Rocks | Gravel |
|---|---|---|
| Reservoir | None | None |
| Lower falls | 8″ basalt | 1″ pea gravel |
| Upper falls | 4″ slate and lava | 2″ river rock |
Take time arranging rocks and gravel for the most natural aesthetic. The materials should work cohesively to complement flowing water.
Installing the Reservoir
The reservoir stores and recirculates water for the indoor waterfall. Key steps for installing it include:
Position reservoir
– Locate reservoir adjacent to waterfall installation site.
– Conceal reservoir behind furnishings or decorative screening.
– Ensure access to reservoir for filling and maintenance.
Level reservoir
– Use shims to level reservoir if surface is uneven.
– Test with water and make any adjustments to prevent rocking.
– For freestanding reservoirs, verify it is level and stable.
Install tubing
– Cut tubing to needed length between pump outlet and waterfall inlet using razor.
– Secure tubing in place along route with clips. Avoid tight bends.
– Attach tubing to pump and water distributor with hose clamps or threaded fittings.
Check for leaks
– Fill reservoir and run pump to test entire system.
– Inspect tubing connections, liner seams, and waterfall for leaks.
– Repair any water intrusion before completing installation.
Allow sufficient time to install and test the reservoir before finalizing waterfall construction. Verify no leaks and proper water flow.
Finishing Touches
Add the final touches to complete construction and start enjoying your indoor waterfall:
Fill reservoir
– Fill reservoir with clean tap or distilled water. Avoid hard or alkaline water which causes mineral deposits.
– Consider adding fountain kit chemical supplements to prevent algae growth.
Adjust pump and lighting
– Tweak pump output and flow restrictor to optimize waterfall water stream.
– Program lighting timers and dimmer settings to create desired ambiance.
Set up maintenance
– Establish a weekly cleaning regimen for filter screens and reservoir walls.
– Develop a monthly deep cleaning schedule for rocks and liner.
– Test water pH/hardness and change as needed per kit instructions.
Update landscaping
– Add additional rocks, gravel, or greenery around the installation site.
– Conceal extension cords and plumbing access behind plants or decorative screens.
Following construction best practices results in an indoor waterfall that provides tranquility and enjoyable nature sounds for years to come. Schedule regular cleaning and maintenance to keep your waterfall looking and functioning its best. Make gradual enhancements over time – updating rocks, greenery, or lighting components – to keep the installation looking fresh.
Conclusion
Installing an indoor waterfall requires careful planning, construction, and finishing work. But the efforts are well worth it. The soothing sights and sounds of cascading water create a relaxing oasis inside your home. Strategically combine lighting, rockscaping, and greenery to design a custom waterfall that reflects your personal style and fits the space aesthetically. Establish an ongoing maintenance routine. Then sit back, listen to the flowing water, and enjoy your beautiful indoor waterfall.