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What is a pressure washer pump?
A pressure washer pump is the heart of a pressure washer. It is responsible for pressurizing the water to create the high-pressure spray that makes pressure washers so effective for cleaning. The pump has internal components that need to be lubricated to prevent wear and ensure proper operation.
How does a pressure washer pump work?
A pressure washer pump works by using an electric motor or gas engine to turn a crankshaft. The crankshaft is connected to pistons inside a cylinder block. As the crankshaft turns, the pistons move up and down inside the cylinders, drawing water in through an inlet valve on the intake stroke and forcing it out through an outlet valve under pressure on the compression stroke.
The rapid cycling of the pistons builds up pressure in the water. Most residential pressure washer pumps operate between 1500-3000 psi. The pressurized water flows through a high-pressure hose to the spray wand, where it exits through a nozzle as a concentrated, high-pressure spray.
Why do pressure washer pumps need lubrication?
Pressure washer pumps contain metal components like bearings, bushings, piston rods, crankshafts, and more. When metal parts rub against each other at high speeds, they generate a lot of friction. This friction causes wear over time.
Lubricating oils and greases coat the metal components inside the pump and provide a barrier between them. This lubrication layer reduces friction, heat buildup, and wear. It allows the parts to move smoothly and efficiently.
Without proper lubrication, the pump components would grind, overheat, and ultimately fail prematurely. Proper lubrication extends the life of the pump.
How to Lubricate a Pressure Washer Pump
Lubricating a pressure washer pump involves accessing the lubrication points and applying the appropriate lubricant in the specified amounts. Here is a step-by-step guide:
Materials Needed
– Pump crankcase oil specified by manufacturer
– Grease gun with lithium grease or as specified by manufacturer
– Rag to wipe away excess grease/oil
Steps
1. Turn off and disconnect the pressure washer. Relieve any residual pressure in the pump and hoses.
2. Locate the oil fill port/dipstick on the pump crankcase. Remove the dipstick and check the oil level. Top up if needed with fresh oil per manufacturer specifications. Replace the dipstick.
3. Locate the grease fittings on the pump housing. The number and placement can vary by pump model. Consult your owner’s manual for all grease point locations.
4. Attach the grease gun to a grease fitting. Pump 2-3 full strokes of grease into each fitting.
5. One common lubrication point is where the piston rod exits the crankcase. Apply grease where the rod slides in and out.
6. Another common lubrication point is the water inlet valve where it pivots internally. Inject grease into the zerk fitting to lubricate the internal o-ring seal.
7. Wipe away any excess grease to prevent it being flung off or attracting dirt.
8. Reconnect water supply and power to the pressure washer. Start it up and let it run for 2-3 minutes to circulate the fresh oil and grease.
9. Your pressure washer pump is now properly lubricated and ready for operation!
Lubrication Frequency
Consult your owner’s manual, but general guidelines are:
– Change pump crankcase oil after first 20 hours of operation, then every 100 hours or 3 months after that
– Lubricate all grease points every 25 hours of use or every 3 months
– Lubricate more frequently with heavy use or in dusty/sandy conditions
Tips for Lubricating a Pressure Washer Pump
Follow these tips to properly lubricate your pump and maximize its life:
Use The Correct Lubricants
– Always use the oil and grease specified by the pump manufacturer
– Most pumps use a high-quality detergent-free 30W or 10W-30 pump oil for the crankcase
– Use high-temp, water-resistant lithium grease rated NLGI #2 consistency
Maintain Proper Oil Level
– Check the oil level regularly and top up as needed
– Low oil will cause premature wear and scoring of internal parts
Clean The Pump Before Lubricating
– Use a degreaser and rag to clean dirt and debris from around grease fittings
– This prevents injecting contaminants into the pump with new grease
Prime The Grease Gun Before Connecting
– Pump the grease gun lever a few times before attaching to fittings
– This removes trapped air and ensures new grease is immediately delivered into the pump
Allow Proper Break-In Time
– Let the pump run for 30-60 minutes after initial lubrication
– This allows the oil and grease to fully coat all internal components
Change Oil After First 20 Hours
– The initial break-in generates more metal particulates and contamination
– Changing oil early helps flush this out and provides clean oil going forward
Troubleshooting Lubrication Problems
Here are solutions to common lubrication issues on pressure washer pumps:
| Problem | Potential Cause | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Overheating pump | Low oil level | Check and top up oil level |
| Using wrong thickness oil | Drain and replace with correct oil | |
| Lack of grease | Grease all fittings per instructions | |
| Leaking oil | Damaged gasket/seals | Replace damaged gaskets and seals |
| Cracked housing | Replace pump housing | |
| Noisy operation | Low oil level | Check and top up oil level |
| Blocked grease fittings | Clean and clear grease fittings | |
| Damaged/worn bearing | Replace worn bearing |
When to Service Professionally
Most basic pump lubrication can be performed at home. However, if you notice any of the following, it’s best to have a professional service the pump:
– Excess leaking oil
– Metallic sounds or grinding noises
– Visible damage to pump housing
– Worn drive coupling or seized bearing
– Diminished pressure/flow output
Professional servicing can involve fully disassembling the pump, replacing worn parts, and properly re-assembling it.
Conclusion
Properly lubricating a pressure washer pump is essential to maximizing its lifespan and performance. Use the recommended oils and greases at the manufacturer specified intervals. Grease all nipples and maintain proper crankcase oil level. Address any lubrication related issues immediately to prevent major pump damage. With proper lubrication, your pressure washer pump will provide years of reliable cleaning power.