Sockets are one of the most commonly used tools in automotive repair and maintenance. They allow mechanics to loosen and tighten nuts and bolts efficiently. There are two main types of sockets – 6 point and 12 point. While 6 point sockets are more commonly used, 12 point sockets offer some important advantages. In this article, we will compare 6 point and 12 point sockets and look at the key benefits of using a 12 point socket.
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What is a 6 Point Socket?
A 6 point socket, sometimes called a hex socket, has 6 internal splines or lobes that grip onto the 6 corners of a standard hex nut or bolt head. The hex shaped inner profile grips the fastener at 6 contact points, allowing torque to be applied to loosen or tighten the fastener.
6 point sockets have been the most common type of socket for many decades. They are inexpensive to manufacture while still providing adequate grip and torque capability for most applications. The 6 splines distribute force evenly over the points of contact, reducing the chance of slipping or rounding off fastener heads.
What is a 12 Point Socket?
A 12 point socket has 12 internal splines or lobes that make contact with the corners and flats of a standard hex fastener. The increased number of contact points allows torque to be transmitted from the socket to the fastener through 12 contact patches instead of just 6.
The main advantage of the 12 point design is the increased contact area with the fastener head. Having twice as many splines improves grip and decreases the chance of slippage or rounding of corners on worn fasteners.
Advantages of 12 Point Sockets
Here are some of the key advantages that 12 point sockets offer over standard 6 point sockets:
Better Grip on Rounded and Worn Bolt Heads
The 12 splines in a 12 point socket can make contact with rounded off or damaged bolt heads better than a 6 point socket. The extra contact points provide a better grip, reducing the chance of slippage, stripping or damage to the fastener head when applying torque. This makes 12 point sockets ideal for removing old, corroded or worn bolts and nuts.
Easier Engagement Onto The Fastener
A 12 point socket can engage onto a bolt head from more angles compared to a 6 point socket. With double the number of splines, a 12 point socket can engage a fastener properly even if it is slightly misaligned. This prevents frustration and saves time trying to perfectly align the fastener with the socket when working in tight spaces.
Transmits Torque More Efficiently
The increased contact area of a 12 point socket distributes torque more evenly over the flats of the bolt head or nut. This reduces stress concentrations and the chance of slipping, allowing higher tightening or loosening torque to be applied without damaging the fastener. Mechanics can therefore use the optimum torque values without worrying about slippage issues.
Reduces Fastener Head Rounding
Applying torque through 12 contact points reduces the wear and rounding of bolt heads and nuts compared to 6 point sockets. The splines essentially mold to the shape of the fastener, minimizing damage during removal or installation. This helps extend the life of the fasteners.
Works on All Fastener Sizes
While some mechanics believe 12 point sockets are only for larger fasteners, they can be used on all bolt head sizes. The 12 point design provides benefits on small fasteners all the way up to large wheel lug nuts. Many Nascar teams in fact use 12 point sockets when changing tires for faster wheel changes.
May Allow Use of Shorter Extension Bars
Due to the ease of engagement, 12 point sockets may allow mechanics to get away with using shorter extension bars in some situations. The reduced wobble from better fastener contact can help fit into tight spaces where a longer extension may be required with a 6 point socket.
Disadvantages of 12 Point Sockets
While 12 point sockets offer some clear advantages, there are a few potential disadvantages to be aware of:
Higher Cost
Due to the increased manufacturing complexity, 12 point sockets are generally more expensive than 6 point sockets. The difference in price has reduced over time but 12 point sockets still have a small premium.
Not Ideal for Extremely Tight Spaces
The rounded splines of 12 point sockets increase the minimum clearance required around a bolt head. A 6 point socket can theoretically fit into a tighter space. But this is rarely an issue in most applications.
Potential for Increased Fastener Head Rounding
There is some debate about whether the increased contact points of 12 point sockets could potentially round off bolt heads over time. However, most experts agree that the risk is low and that proper torque practices minimize any rounding.
Availability of Specific Sizes
While very common today, 12 point sockets previously had less size availability compared to 6 point sockets. This is improving with 12 point sockets now readily available in standard and metric sizes from most manufacturers.
6 Point vs 12 Point Socket Comparison
Here is a summary comparing some of the key characteristics of 6 point and 12 point sockets:
| Characteristic | 6 Point Socket | 12 Point Socket |
|---|---|---|
| Contact Points | 6 | 12 |
| Grip on Rounded/Worn Bolts | Moderate | Excellent |
| Ease of Engagement | Moderate | Excellent |
| Torque Distribution | Good | Excellent |
| Prevention of Fastener Damage | Moderate | Excellent |
| Cost | Low | Slightly Higher |
| Space Efficiency | Excellent | Very Good |
As seen in the comparison, 12 point sockets offer some clear advantages thanks to the higher number of splines and contact points.
When to Use Each Type of Socket
Based on their characteristics, here are some guidelines on when to choose each type of socket:
Use a 6 point socket when:
- Working in an extremely tight space where clearance is limited.
- The bolt heads are in good condition and don’t show wear.
- You need a less common size that may not be available in 12 point.
- Budget is a primary concern.
Use a 12 point socket when:
- Removing corroded, damaged or rounded bolts.
- Installing or removing wheel lugs.
- Using high torque values.
- Fastener head wear or rounding is a concern.
- Quick engagement and flexibility is needed.
- You want the best grip and torque distribution.
For most mechanics, having both 6 point and 12 point sockets available in your tool set gives you the versatility to handle any bolting job. 12 point sockets make a great addition for the advantages they provide in common situations.
Brand Recommendations
All the major professional tool brands now offer 12 point sockets, here are some top options:
Snap On 12 Point Sockets
Snap On is a premium tool brand known for performance and innovation. Their 12 point sockets feature a proprietary Flank Drive design that maximizes torque transfer and minimizes fastener rounding. Available in SAE, metric, impact, chrome and other configurations. Expect premium pricing.
Proto 12 Point Sockets
Proto is another leading professional tool maker, owned by Stanley Black & Decker. Proto 12 point sockets feature a Deep Hex design for added strength and longevity. Made from premium S2 alloy steel. Lifetime guarantee. Quality comparable to Snap On at a more affordable price point.
Gearwrench 12 Point Sockets
For those looking for great value, Gearwrench 12 point sockets are an excellent choice. Made from Chrome Molybdenum alloy steel with XL arc flanks for strength and maximum wrenching area. Very affordable compared to other pro brands while still Made in USA.
Sunex 12 Point Sockets
Sunex offers an extensive 12 point socket set with SAE and metric sizes. Known for performance similar to the big names but at cheaper prices. Made from Chrome Vanadium steel for durability and longevity. Excellent value for budget conscious buyers.
Conclusion
While the 6 point socket remains the most common, upgrading to 12 point sockets provides clear advantages in many repair and maintenance situations. Their superior grip, engagement, torque handling and longevity make them the ideal choice when removing corroded or damaged bolts and other fasteners. For maximum versatility, mechanics should consider having both 6 point and 12 point sockets readily available in a variety of sizes. With options from all the major brands, finding affordable, quality 12 point sockets to add to your tool selection is now easier than ever.