A spigot, also known as an outdoor faucet or hose bibb, is a valve that controls water flow from an outdoor water pipe. There are two main types of outdoor spigots – standard and frost free. Both allow you to connect a garden hose or other accessories to access outdoor water. However, they have some key differences in their design and operation.
In short, the main difference is that a frost free spigot has an additional valve that drains water from the spigot to prevent freezing in cold weather. Standard spigots do not have this drain valve, so they are more prone to freezing temperatures. Understanding these differences can help you choose the best spigot type for your climate and needs.
Page Contents
What is a Standard Spigot?
A standard outdoor spigot, also called a hose bibb, is the simplest type of outdoor faucet. It consists of a valve and threaded nozzle to connect a hose or accessory. The valve and water supply pipes sit close to the exterior wall of the house.
When the spigot handle is turned on, water flows from the supply pipes through the valve and out the nozzle. Turning the handle off stops the water flow. The valve itself acts as the control for water flow.
Standard spigots are durable, affordable, and easy to install. They work well in regions where temperatures rarely freeze. However, they are vulnerable to freezing and bursting in colder climates. This is because water remains in the valve and exposed pipe behind the wall when the spigot is turned off. If temperatures drop below freezing, any residual water can expand and rupture the pipes.
Key Features of Standard Spigots:
- Simple on/off valve
- Threaded nozzle to connect hose
- Valve attaches directly to supply pipes
- Prone to freezing in cold weather
Standard spigots are a good choice in climates where freezing is rare. However, frost free models are usually better suited for cold regions.
What is a Frost Free Spigot?
A frost free spigot is designed to prevent freezing and damage in cold weather conditions. It has an additional shut-off valve called a “drain valve” located deeper inside the pipe, behind the exterior wall.
When the handle is turned off, the drain valve opens to release any water trapped between it and the exterior valve. This drains the spigot and supply pipe inside the house to prevent residual water from freezing.
The key advantage of this design is that no water remains in the spigot or exposed pipe when shut off. Since there is no water to freeze and expand, the pipes are protected. Even if temperatures drop below freezing, the spigot and pipes will not rupture or leak.
Key Features of Frost Free Spigots:
- Drain valve to purge water from pipes
- Vacuum breaker prevents backflow
- Thicker insulation around the neck
- Designed to prevent freezing and bursting
Frost free models provide reliable freezing protection. However, they cost more than standard spigots. They also require a bit more space for installation to accommodate the drain valve. But in cold regions, the benefits usually outweigh the costs.
Comparing Standard and Frost Free Designs
To summarize the key differences:
Standard Spigot
- Simple on/off valve
- No drain valve
- Prone to freezing
- More affordable
Frost Free Spigot
- Drain valve purges water
- Vacuum breaker prevents backflow
- More freezing protection
- Higher cost
While standard spigots are prone to freezing, frost free models offer maximum protection. The table below further compares the design features:
| Feature | Standard Spigot | Frost Free Spigot |
|---|---|---|
| Drain valve | No | Yes |
| Backflow prevention | No | Yes – built-in vacuum breaker |
| Water sits in valve when off? | Yes | No – drain valve purges water |
| Freezing/burst protection | Minimal | Maximum |
| Average cost per unit | $10 – $30 | $50 – $100 |
As shown in the table, the frost free design provides the most bursting and freezing protection. But you’ll pay more up front.
Do I Need a Frost Free Spigot?
So when should you choose a frost free spigot over a standard model? Here are some key factors to consider:
Climate and Freezing Temperatures
The main purpose of a frost free spigot is to prevent freezing damage. So if you live in a region with cold, sub-freezing winter temperatures, a frost free model is likely the best choice. The drain valve is crucial to keep the pipes from bursting as water expands when it turns to ice.
Standard spigots may suffice in warmer climates. But when freezing occurs routinely every winter, spend the extra money up front and install frost free spigots.
Location on the House
Where the spigot is positioned on the house also matters. Spigots on outer walls or in more exposed areas are more vulnerable to freezing. Opt for frost free models on any exterior walls, especially those facing north or subject to cold winds. Frost free spigots are advised for these locations.
Type of Pipes
Copper pipes are more prone to bursting compared to more flexible pipes like PEX. If your house has rigid copper plumbing, it’s wise to install frost free spigots regardless of climate. The drain valve provides an extra layer of security against frozen, cracked pipes each winter.
Shutting Off Water Supply
If you regularly shut off and drain your entire outdoor water supply before winter, standard spigots may work fine even in colder areas. But if you keep the outdoor plumbing pressurized all winter, frost free models are a wise investment for freezing protection.
Home Value
Upgrading to frost free spigots adds value and appeal if you eventually sell your home. Most buyers prefer the security of frost free models. So the upfront cost can be recouped later.
Peace of Mind
There’s also value in the peace of mind frost free spigots provide. You can relax knowing freezing temps won’t cause ruptured, leaking pipes and costly water damage. For many homeowners, this added comfort is worth the investment.
Installation and Replacement
Installing new frost free spigots requires shutting off the water supply and draining the pipes. The specific steps depend on your plumbing system. It’s advisable to hire a professional plumber for installation, especially if you have copper pipes. Attempting a DIY replacement on copper plumbing risks pipe damage.
But installing frost free spigots on PEX or PVC pipes is a simpler DIY project, if you have some plumbing experience. Just be sure to follow all local building codes.
You’ll also need to consider:
- The spigot’s length – it must reach far enough into the wall cavity for the drain valve.
- Sealing exterior wall penetrations to protect from moisture damage.
- Making clean cuts if splicing into existing supply pipes.
- Applying pipe thread sealant to prevent leaks.
With careful planning and execution, upgrading to frost free spigots is a worthwhile upgrade for cold climates.
Key Takeaways on Frost Free vs Standard Spigots
– Frost free spigots have a drain valve that eliminates trapped water in the valves and supply pipes when shut off. This prevents freezing and pipe bursting in cold weather.
– Standard spigots simply have an on/off valve. Water remains in the pipes when shut off, risking freeze damage.
– Frost free models provide maximum freezing protection but cost more upfront. They are recommended for cold climates.
– Standard spigots may suffice in warmer regions or if you drain your entire outdoor plumbing seasonally.
– Consider your climate, pipe types, location on the house, and risk tolerance when choosing spigot types.
– Have a professional install frost free spigots on copper pipes. DIY replacement is possible for PEX or PVC pipes if proper steps are taken.
Conclusion
The main difference between standard and frost free spigots comes down to freezing protection. While standard spigots are prone to freezing issues, frost free models use a drain valve to purge all water from the system when shut off. This prevents ruptures and leaks during sub-freezing temperatures.
For homes in colder climates, the benefits of this design outweigh the higher upfront cost. Frost free spigots provide peace of mind knowing your pipes won’t burst each winter. They are an investment that adds value and appeal to your property as well.
So consider your local climate and risk factors when choosing outdoor spigot types. Opt for frost free models any time freezing is a concern. And hire a professional plumber for proper installation, especially when connecting to copper pipes. With the right spigot choice and quality installation, you can better protect your plumbing from old man winter’s wrath.