Metal studs are an essential component of building construction, providing the structural framework that drywall and other finishes are attached to. They come in a range of standard widths and thicknesses to meet different needs. Understanding the most common metal stud sizes can help architects, contractors, and do-it-yourselfers select the right materials for their projects.
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Common Widths
The most widely used metal stud sizes are:
- 3 5/8 inches wide – This is the most popular width for residential and light commercial projects. It provides enough depth for insulation and utilities without taking up too much space.
- 6 inches wide – Sometimes used in place of double 3 5/8″ studs to allow more insulation. Common in exterior walls.
- 2 1/2 inches wide – Narrower metal studs used for interior partitions and spacing needs.
- 4 inches wide – Used for interior wall spacing and some exterior applications.
While those are the basic widths, metal studs are also available in custom sizes like 2 9/16″, 8″, 10″, and 12″ widths for applications that need something non-standard.
Common Thicknesses
Metal studs come in a range of thicknesses, also known as gages. The lower the gage number, the thicker the steel:
- 25 gage – 0.018 inches thick. The lightest residential framing.
- 22 gage – 0.029 inches thick. Typical for interior residential walls.
- 20 gage – 0.033 inches thick. Used for exterior residential walls and light commercial projects.
- 18 gage – 0.043 inches thick. Common for commercial buildings.
- 16 gage – 0.054 inches thick. Used where high strength is needed.
Choosing the right gage affects the strength, weight, and cost. Thicker steel studs provide more structural capacity but weigh more and cost more per linear foot. The right gage depends on the building design and local codes.
Standard Lengths
Metal studs are available in a range of standard lengths including:
- 8 feet
- 9 feet
- 10 feet
- 12 feet
- 16 feet
- 18 feet
- 20 feet
- 24 feet
The most common lengths are 8′, 10′ and 12′ since those align with typical wall heights and minimize waste. Longer lengths up to 24′ are used for tall walls or instances where minimizing joints is important.
Special Shapes and Sizes
In addition to basic studs, there are special metal stud shapes and sizes for unique needs:
- Corner beads – Pre-bent metal studs to frame 90 degree corners.
- Double studs – Two studs welded together for extra strength.
- Runner tracks – Horizontal top and bottom tracks to frame openings.
- Headers – Heavy gage box-shaped studs to frame doors and windows.
- Jamb studs – Studs pre-bent 90 degrees for window and door jambs.
These special shapes optimize specific framing conditions and ensure consistent quality.
Steel vs Aluminum Studs
Most metal studs are made from galvanized steel for strength and corrosion resistance. But aluminum studs are an option for their light weight.
Aluminum studs weigh about 1/3 as much as steel studs. This makes them easier to transport and install. But aluminum has less strength than steel, so thicker gages are needed. Aluminum studs have very good corrosion resistance for use in wet areas.
In most cases, steel studs provide the best balance of strength and cost. But aluminum may be preferred where weight savings are critical or corrosion resistance is paramount.
Cost Factors
The main factors affecting metal stud costs are:
- Material – Steel is more economical than aluminum in most cases.
- Gage – Thicker steel gages cost more per linear foot.
- Width – Wider studs use more material, increasing cost.
- Special shapes – Corner beads, headers and jambs cost more than basic studs.
- Quantity – Bulk purchases generally cost less per piece.
- Quality – Premium grades and brands command higher prices.
Estimating the linear or square footage needed for a project helps determine the budget. It’s also smart to add 10-15% overage to account for waste and last-minute changes.
Sustainability
Metal studs offer sustainability benefits including:
- Recyclability – Steel and aluminum studs can be continually recycled.
- Durability – Lasts for the lifetime of the building with minimal maintenance.
- Energy efficiency – Provides space for extra insulation compared to wood studs.
- Resource efficiency – Less raw material needed than solid framing.
- Indoor air quality – Does not support mold growth.
Specifying recycled steel and buying from manufacturers using eco-friendly processes improves the green credentials of metal studs.
Building Codes
Metal stud standards and product grades are defined by organizations like the Steel Stud Manufacturers Association (SSMA). Always check local building codes for the minimum requirements in your area. Key regulations include:
- Minimum thickness and gage based on building type and wall function.
- Maximum height limits between supports and fastening.
- Allowed tolerances for web punch-outs and flange widths.
- Required finishes and coatings like galvanizing.
- Limitations on aluminum use based on building size and type.
- Certification and quality assurance standards.
Using a reputable manufacturer that follows the latest codes is the best way to ensure compliance.
| Metal Stud Type | Thickness | Width | Lengths | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residential grade steel | 25 to 22 gauge | 3-5/8″ | 8′ to 12′ | Interior walls, exterior walls |
| Commercial grade steel | 20 to 16 gauge | 3-5/8″ to 6″ | 8′ to 24′ | Office buildings, retail |
| Heavy duty steel | 14 gauge and up | 6″ to 12″ | Up to 40′ | Large commercial, industrial |
| Aluminum | 0.045″ to 0.125″ | 2-1/2″ to 6″ | 8′ to 24′ | Residential, corrosion resistance needed |
Installation Tips
Proper installation is key to realizing the benefits of metal studs:
- Always follow spacing per plans and codes. 16″ and 24″ on-center are common.
- Use self-tapping drywall or construction screws, not nails.
- Ensure headers are properly sized and anchored above openings.
- Attach cross-bracing at mid-height for stability and squareness.
- Use resilient channels between studs and drywall for sound isolation.
- Seal and insulate properly for energy efficiency.
- Wear safety gear like gloves, eye protection and dust mask.
Hiring experienced metal framers is recommended for commercial projects or complicated designs.
Conclusion
Metal studs provide an efficient and durable framing system for modern construction. They come in a range of widths, thicknesses, and lengths to suit residential, commercial, and industrial projects. While dimensional lumber is still used for some framing, metal studs offer lighter weight, better precision, and less maintenance once installed correctly. Understanding the standards and options allows architects and builders to optimize both structural performance and sustainability.