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An outdoor outlet not working can be caused by a few common issues:
- Tripped breaker or blown fuse – Check the breaker box or fuse box for a tripped breaker or blown fuse for the outdoor outlet circuit.
- Faulty GFCI outlet – Outdoor outlets are often connected to a GFCI (ground fault circuit interrupter) outlet which may have tripped. Reset any GFCI outlets.
- Loose, damaged or corroded wires – Inspect the outlet, junction box and wires for damage, corrosion or loose connections.
- Faulty outlet – The outlet itself may be worn out and need replacing.
- Moisture issues – Moisture can cause corrosion, damage to wires or short circuits. Ensure wires and connections are suitable for outdoor use.
Before doing any electrical work, always turn off the power at the breaker box. Test that the power is off using a non-contact voltage tester. Use caution and call an electrician for anything complex.
Common Causes of Outdoor Outlet Failure
There are several common reasons why an outdoor electrical outlet may stop working:
Tripped Breaker or Blown Fuse
The most likely cause of an outdoor outlet not working is simply a tripped breaker or blown fuse in the electrical service panel or fuse box.
Outdoor outlets are usually connected to a dedicated circuit with a 15 or 20 amp breaker. Overload from plugging in too many devices, electrical shorts, or damage to the wiring can trip the breaker.
Likewise, older homes may have fuses instead of breakers. A short or overload will blow the fuse for the outlet circuit.
The fix is simple – locate the breaker or fuse controlling the outdoor outlet and reset the breaker or replace the fuse. Ensure you replace a blown fuse with the same size and type.
GFCI Trip
GFCI or GFI (ground fault circuit interrupter) outlets are often installed for outdoor outlets. They provide protection against electric shocks by detecting ground faults.
A GFCI has a reset button that will trip if there is an imbalance in current flow. This can happen due to damaged cords plugged into the outlet, moisture in the outlet or other faults.
If your outdoor outlet is connected to a GFCI outlet or breaker, you may just need to locate it and reset it. There may be a tripped GFCI outlet inside the house that controls the outdoor outlet.
Worn Out Outlet
Outdoor electrical outlets do wear out over time. The contacts inside the outlet corrode or burn out. This can lead to poor contact with plugs or complete failure of the outlet.
Inspect your outlet closely. Look for signs of burn marks, pitted or corroded contacts, cracked plastic or damage. If the outlet looks to be in poor shape, replacing it with a new weatherproof outlet is the safest option.
Loose, Damaged or Corroded Wires
Loose connections in wiring can cause intermittent contact and connection issues. Vibration, physical damage, moisture, corrosion and aging wiring insulation can all contribute to loose, damaged or deteriorated wiring.
Inspect wiring connections at the outlet, in the outdoor junction box and at all wire nuts or other connectors. Rewire any loose connections and replace damaged or corroded wires. Use weatherproof connectors suitable for damp locations.
Moisture Related Issues
Moisture is the enemy of electrical systems. Rain, sprinklers, flooded yards and high humidity can all cause moisture to penetrate light fixtures, receptacles and wiring.
Check that outdoor wires and outlets are rated for exterior use. Replace any damaged insulation. Seal outdoor boxes and conduits to prevent moisture ingress.
Exposed copper wiring will corrode from moisture. Aluminum wiring is especially susceptible to oxidation and loosening of connections when wet. Replace aged or questionable wiring.
How to Troubleshoot and Fix an Outdoor Outlet
Here are the steps to safely diagnose and repair a non-working outdoor electrical outlet:
Turn Off Power
Turn off the circuit breaker or unscrew the fuse for the outdoor outlet at the main electrical panel. Use a non-contact voltage tester to double check the power is off before working on the outlet.
Inspect the Service Panel
Check your electrical service panel for a tripped breaker or blown fuse and reset or replace as needed. The outdoor outlet may be on a GFCI breaker that needs resetting.
Check for Tripped GFCIs
Many outdoor outlets are connected to a GFCI outlet, either at the outlet itself or upstream inside the house. Reset any tripped GFCIs.
Remove Cover Plate
Unscrew and remove the cover plate from the outdoor outlet. This will allow you access to inspect the outlet wiring.
Check for Damage
Visually inspect the outlet for any signs of damage. Look for cracking, burn marks, discoloration, corrosion or other deterioration. Damage may indicate it needs replacement.
Check Connections
Verify all wiring connections at the outlet are tight and secure. Loose wires can cause intermittent contact. Tighten any loose screws or push-in clamps.
Check Wires
Inspect the outlet wires for insulation damage, corrosion and overheating. Any questionable wires should be replaced. Use weatherproof wiring rated for outdoor use.
Replace Outlet if Needed
If the outlet shows damage or deterioration, it should be replaced. Install a new weatherproof GFCI outlet with an in-use cover. Make sure to connect wires securely.
Check for Moisture
Look for any signs of moisture in the outlet box or on wires. This can cause corrosion and electrical shorts. Try to determine source of moisture and remedy.
Restore Power and Test
With repairs complete, carefully restore power to the outlet circuit. Use a voltage tester to verify power before plugging in any devices. Test the outlet with a plug-in tester or lamp.
Calling an electrician is recommended if the outlet’s wiring appears damaged, you feel uncomfortable doing electrical repairs, or have any doubts about the safety of the repair. Outdoor electrical issues can be hazardous if improperly repaired.
Preventing Outdoor Outlet Problems
Here are some tips to keep your outdoor receptacles in good working order:
- Install outdoor outlet covers – Covers that close over the outlet will protect it from moisture when not in use.
- Use GFCI protection – Having a GFCI outlet or breaker will help prevent shocks from faulty devices or cords.
- Use exterior-rated outlet covers – Weatherproof covers will protect outlets from water and UV rays.
- Caulk around outlet box – Seal any gaps in the box or conduit to prevent water entry.
- Consider tamper-resistant outlets – These prevent kids from inserting objects and reduce risk of shock.
- Shelter outlet if possible – An awning or overhand will protect the outlet from direct water exposure.
- Shut off unused outlets – Disconnect any outdoor outlets that aren’t being used to avoid hazards.
- Replace old outlets – Check outlets periodically and replace any that appear damaged or corroded.
- Use ground fault interrupter extension cords – GFCI cords provide extra protection for devices used temporarily outdoors like holiday lights.
- Check wiring insulation – Inspect wires entering the outdoor boxes to ensure insulation is intact and undamaged.
Taking some simple preventative measures can help avoid many outdoor electrical outlet problems and keep your outdoor setup running safely.
When to Call an Electrician
While many basic outdoor outlet issues can be DIY repaired, it’s best to call a professional electrician if:
- You cannot determine the cause of the problem.
- The outlet has sustained physical damage.
- There are signs of moisture or corrosion.
- The wiring is damaged or improperly terminated.
- There are multiple outdoor outlets not working.
- GFCI outlets won’t reset or frequently trip.
- The outlet panel has frequent breaker trips.
- You see evidence of burns, overheating or short circuits.
- You need to run new wiring for replacement outlets.
- You are uncomfortable working with electrical systems.
Electrical safety should be the top concern when repairing outlets. An electrician has the proper training, knowledge and tools to safely diagnose and fix any underlying issues. They can also advise you on upgrading or improving your outdoor electrical system.
Conclusion
Most outdoor outlet problems stem from a handful of common causes like tripped breakers or GFCIs, loose wires, worn outlets or moisture issues. With proper safety precautions and some DIY troubleshooting, many homeowners can repair their own outdoor outlets. However, it is critical to always turn off power, inspect the system thoroughly, and hire an electrician for any complex or questionable issues related to outdoor outlets not working properly. Preventative maintenance and making outdoor connections waterproof will help minimize headaches down the road. With the right knowledge and preparation, you can keep your exterior lighting, outlets and appliances running smoothly all year long.